Mr. Thomas, who is receiving oral penicillin, reports that he has a sore mouth. On inspection, the nurse notes bright red oral mucous membranes with some white patches. The primary care provider is notified immediately because these symptoms may be caused by:

a Vitamin C deficiency

dehydration

poor oral hygiene

a superinfection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. A Vitamin C deficiency:

While a Vitamin C deficiency can lead to oral health issues such as bleeding gums or scurvy, it is less likely to present with bright red oral mucous membranes and white patches. Vitamin C deficiency typically manifests with other symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and joint pain.

B. Dehydration:

Dehydration can cause dry mouth and oral discomfort, but it is less likely to present with bright red oral mucous membranes and white patches. Dehydration may also result in a dry, sticky feeling in the mouth rather than soreness with white patches.

C. Poor oral hygiene:

Poor oral hygiene can lead to various oral health problems, including gingivitis and dental caries, but it is less likely to cause bright red oral mucous membranes with white patches. Poor oral hygiene typically results in plaque accumulation, gum inflammation, and dental decay rather than the specific symptoms described.

D. A superinfection:

This is the correct option. A superinfection occurs when opportunistic microorganisms, such as fungi or resistant bacteria, proliferate and cause infection following antibiotic therapy. Penicillin, like other antibiotics, can disrupt the normal balance of microorganisms in the mouth, allowing opportunistic pathogens to flourish and lead to conditions such as oral thrush (caused by Candida albicans) or oral candidiasis. The presence of bright red oral mucous membranes with white patches suggests the possibility of a superinfection, which warrants immediate attention from the primary care provider for further evaluation and management.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act:

The Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) is a federal law that regulates the manufacturing, labeling, and distribution of food, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices in the United States. While the FD&C Act does provide some regulatory authority over certain aspects of dietary supplements, such as labeling requirements and good manufacturing practices, it is not the primary law governing the regulation of herbal and dietary supplements.

B. Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations:

The Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), now known as The Joint Commission, is an independent, nonprofit organization that accredits and certifies healthcare organizations and programs in the United States. However, The Joint Commission is not responsible for regulating herbal and dietary supplements.

C. Health and Human Services (HHS):

The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is a cabinet-level executive branch department of the U.S. federal government. While HHS oversees various health-related agencies, including the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), it is not the primary regulatory authority for herbal and dietary supplements.

D. Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA):

The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994 is the primary law that regulates herbal and dietary supplements in the United States. DSHEA defines dietary supplements, sets forth labeling requirements, establishes good manufacturing practices, and outlines the responsibilities of manufacturers and distributors of dietary supplements. Under DSHEA, dietary supplements are regulated as a category of food rather than as drugs.

A. recognizing the role of spirituality in health and healing B. focusing on treatment of the person as an individual C. focusing only on the physical health D. promotion of disease prevention, self care and self-healing

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

A.Recognizing the role of spirituality in health and healing:

Many CAM therapies acknowledge the importance of spirituality in health and healing. Spiritual well-being is considered an integral aspect of overall health in many CAM modalities. Practices such as meditation, yoga, and mindfulness often incorporate spiritual elements. Therefore, recognizing the role of spirituality in health and healing is a common characteristic of CAM therapies.

B. Focusing on treatment of the person as an individual:

One of the key principles of CAM therapies is treating the individual as a whole, taking into account physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health. CAM practitioners often emphasize personalized care tailored to the unique needs and characteristics of each individual. Therefore, focusing on the treatment of the person as an individual is a common characteristic of CAM therapies.

C. Focusing only on physical health:

This statement is incorrect. Unlike conventional Western medicine, which primarily focuses on the physical aspects of health and disease, CAM therapies often take a holistic approach that considers the interconnectedness of the mind, body, and spirit. Therefore, CAM therapies typically address physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects of health, rather than focusing solely on physical health.

D.Promotion of disease prevention, self-care, and self-healing:

Many CAM therapies emphasize the importance of disease prevention, self-care practices, and the body’s innate ability to heal itself. These therapies often encourage individuals to take an active role in maintaining their health and well-being through lifestyle modifications, stress management techniques, dietary changes, and other self-care practices. Therefore, promotion of disease prevention, self-care, and self-healing is a common characteristic of CAM therapies.

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Mr. Thomas, who is receiving oral penicillin, reports that he has a sore mouth. On inspection, the nurse notes bright red oral mucous membranes with some white patches. The primary care provider is notified immediately because these symptoms may be caused by:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

When asked if there are any regulatory controls on herbal or dietary supplements, the nurse responds to the client by informing him that herbal and dietary supplements are regulated by the:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse understands that CAM therapies have common characteristics, such as which of the following? (Select All that Apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Mr. Thomas, who is receiving oral penicillin, reports that he has a sore mouth. On inspection, the nurse notes bright red oral mucous membranes with some white patches. The primary care provider is notified immediately because these symptoms may be caused by:

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