Mr. T. W. is admited to your unit with a diagnosis of small bowel obstruction after swallowing a golf ball related to a freak golfing accident. Mr. T. W.'s urine output has been steadily decreasing, and pre-renal failure is suspected. Which of the following conditions would likely cause pre-renal failure?
Nephrotoxicity
Acute tubular necrosis
Hypovolemia
Acute Glomerulonephritis
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: Nephrotoxicity causes intrinsic renal failure due to direct damage to the renal parenchyma, not pre-renal failure.
Choice B reason: Acute tubular necrosis is a type of intrinsic renal failure resulting from damage to the renal tubules, not pre-renal failure.
Choice C reason: Hypovolemia is a common cause of pre-renal failure due to decreased blood flow to the kidneys, leading to reduced urine output.
Choice D reason: Acute Glomerulonephritis is an intrinsic renal condition that affects the glomeruli, not a pre-renal cause.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Fluid volume status affects preload, not afterload.
Choice B reason: Atrial contraction contributes to filling of the ventricles, not to afterload.
Choice C reason: Afterload is the resistance left ventricular must overcome to circulate blood, which is accurately described as resistance to blood flow.
Choice D reason: Myocardial compliance refers to the elasticity of the heart muscle, which affects how the heart fills, not the resistance it must overcome to eject blood.

Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: Stopping the transfusion immediately is the first and most critical action in response to signs of a possible transfusion reaction, which can be life-threatening.
Choice B reason: While informing the provider is a necessary step, it should come after stopping the transfusion to prevent further harm to the patient.
Choice C reason: Calling the lab is an appropriate action but not the first priority. The immediate concern is the patient's safety.
Choice D reason: Obtaining a urine specimen may be part of the diagnostic process for a transfusion reaction, but it is not the first action to take.
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