Laboratory results reveal elevated levels of prolactin in a client diagnosed with Schizophrenia. Which symptoms should the nurse expect to observe? Select all that apply.

Choice A reason:

Informed consent is a critical component of many medical treatments, including ECT. It involves the patient's understanding and agreement to the procedure after being fully informed of the risks, benefits, and alternatives. Cognitive deficits can impair a patient's ability to provide informed consent, but they do not automatically waive the requirement for such consent. In fact, additional safeguards are often put in place to protect the rights of individuals with cognitive impairments.

Choice B reason:

ECT is a medical procedure that requires informed consent due to the potential risks and side effects associated with it. If a client has cognitive deficits severe enough to impact their decision-making capacity, they may not be able to provide informed consent. In such cases, treatment options would need to be reconsidered, and alternative methods of obtaining consent, such as through a legal guardian or a court order, might be necessary.

Choice C reason:

While it is true that ECT is considered an effective treatment for severe depression and suicidality, the decision to use ECT should not be based solely on these criteria². The ability of the client to understand and consent to the treatment is also a crucial factor. Therefore, the extremity of the client's suicidal ideation alone does not make ECT automatically the appropriate option without considering the consent issue.

Choice D reason:

ECT is indeed an alternative treatment when antidepressant medications have been ineffective, especially in cases of severe depression and suicidality². However, the effectiveness of ECT does not negate the need for informed consent. The client's cognitive ability to provide consent remains a determining factor in the feasibility of ECT as a treatment option.

Choice A reason: Increasing dietary fiber can help manage constipation, which is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications. The normal range for dietary fiber intake in adults is 25 to 30 grams per day from food, not supplements.

Choice B reason: Antipsychotic medications can increase photosensitivity, making the skin more susceptible to sunburn. Using sunscreen can help protect the skin when outdoors.

Choice C reason: While laxatives can be used to manage constipation, they should be used sparingly and only as needed to avoid dependence and potential electrolyte imbalances.

Choice D reason: Regular physical activity can help counteract weight gain, another potential side effect of antipsychotic medications. It's recommended to engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.

Choice E reason: Doubling the dose at the next scheduled time for missed doses is not recommended as it can lead to an overdose and exacerbate side effects.

Choice F reason: Drinking plenty of fluids, including fruit juice, can help prevent dehydration. However, it's important to monitor sugar intake from fruit juices due to the risk of weight gain.