Iron deficiency anemia often occurs during pregnancy as a result of

Choice A reason: None of the above is incorrect because the other choices are not true statements about the overall number of cases of STIs.

Choice B reason: Staying about the same is incorrect because the overall number of cases of STIs is not constant. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1 million STIs are acquired every day worldwide.

Choice C reason: Going down is incorrect because the overall number of cases of STIs is not decreasing. On the contrary, some STIs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are resurging in many regions due to factors such as antimicrobial resistance, lack of access to prevention and treatment services, and stigma.

Choice D reason: Rising is correct because the overall number of cases of STIs is increasing globally. The World Health Organization estimates that there were 376 million new cases of four curable STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis) in 2016, up from 357 million in 2012. Additionally, there are millions of cases of incurable STIs such as herpes, HPV, and HIV that affect the health and well-being of people worldwide.

Choice A reason: This is not an appropriate response by the nurse, as an ultrasound is not a screening tool for spina bifida. Spina bifida is a birth defect that occurs when the spine and spinal cord do not form properly. It can be detected by a blood test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) or by a detailed ultrasound that shows the spine and the brain.

Choice B reason: This is not an appropriate response by the nurse, as an ultrasound is not necessary to determine if there is more than one fetus. Multiple fetuses can be detected by other methods, such as listening to the fetal heartbeats, measuring the fundal height, or feeling the fetal movements.

Choice C reason: This is an appropriate response by the nurse, as an ultrasound assists in identifying the location of the placenta and fetus. This is important for an amniocentesis, which is a procedure that involves inserting a needle through the abdomen and the uterus to collect a sample of amniotic fluid. The ultrasound helps to guide the needle and avoid injuring the placenta or the fetus.

Choice D reason: This is not an appropriate response by the nurse, as an ultrasound is not useful for estimating fetal age at 36 weeks of gestation. Fetal age can be estimated by an ultrasound in the first trimester, when the fetus is growing at a predictable rate and has distinct features. However, in the third trimester, the fetus grows at different rates and has more variations in size and shape. Therefore, an ultrasound is less accurate and reliable for estimating fetal age at this stage.