A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a cesarean birth based on the fetal lungs having reached maturity. Which of the following indicates that the fetal lungs are mature?

Biophysical profile score of 8

Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) absent

Lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio of 2:1

Nonstress test is reactive

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: A biophysical profile score of 8 is a good indicator of fetal well-being, but it does not measure the fetal lung maturity. It consists of five parameters: fetal breathing movements, fetal movements, fetal tone, amniotic fluid volume, and nonstress test.

Choice B reason: Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a phospholipid that is present in the fetal lung surfactant. Its presence indicates that the fetal lungs are mature, while its absence does not rule out the possibility of maturity.

Choice C reason: Lecithin and sphingomyelin are two phospholipids that are found in the fetal lung surfactant. The L/S ratio is the ratio of lecithin to sphingomyelin in the amniotic fluid. A ratio of 2:1 or higher indicates that the fetal lungs are mature and can produce enough surfactant to prevent respiratory distress syndrome.

Choice D reason: A nonstress test is a test that measures the fetal heart rate and its response to fetal movements. A reactive test means that the fetal heart rate increases by at least 15 beats per minute for at least 15 seconds twice in a 20-minute period. This indicates that the fetus is healthy and well-oxygenated, but it does not reflect the fetal lung maturity.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: None of the above is incorrect because the other choices are not true statements about the overall number of cases of STIs.

Choice B reason: Staying about the same is incorrect because the overall number of cases of STIs is not constant. According to the World Health Organization, more than 1 million STIs are acquired every day worldwide.

Choice C reason: Going down is incorrect because the overall number of cases of STIs is not decreasing. On the contrary, some STIs such as syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia are resurging in many regions due to factors such as antimicrobial resistance, lack of access to prevention and treatment services, and stigma.

Choice D reason: Rising is correct because the overall number of cases of STIs is increasing globally. The World Health Organization estimates that there were 376 million new cases of four curable STIs (chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis) in 2016, up from 357 million in 2012. Additionally, there are millions of cases of incurable STIs such as herpes, HPV, and HIV that affect the health and well-being of people worldwide.

A. Ceftriaxone B. Penicillin G C. Acyclovir D. Tetracycline

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Ceftriaxone is incorrect because it is not the drug of choice for syphilis treatment. It is a cephalosporin antibiotic that can be used for other bacterial infections, such as gonorrhea, meningitis, or pneumonia.

Choice B reason: Penicillin G is correct because it is the drug of choice for syphilis treatment. It is a penicillin antibiotic that can effectively cure syphilis at any stage, except for neurosyphilis, which requires intravenous administration.

Choice C reason: Acyclovir is incorrect because it is not the drug of choice for syphilis treatment. It is an antiviral medication that can be used for viral infections, such as herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus, or cytomegalovirus.

Choice D reason: Tetracycline is incorrect because it is not the drug of choice for syphilis treatment. It is a tetracycline antibiotic that can be used for other bacterial infections, such as chlamydia, acne, or Lyme disease.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for a cesarean birth based on the fetal lungs having reached maturity. Which of the following indicates that the fetal lungs are mature?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The overall number of cases of STIs is:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The drug of choice for syphilis treatment is

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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