Hyponatremia may be caused by:
Stroke
Dehydration
Increased secretion of aldosterone
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Stroke is not a cause of hyponatremia, but rather a possible complication of it. Hyponatremia is a condition where the sodium level in the blood is too low, which can affect the brain function and cause symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or coma. Stroke is a condition where the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted, which can cause brain damage and neurological deficits.
Choice B reason: Dehydration is not a cause of hyponatremia, but rather a cause of hypernatremia. Dehydration is a condition where the body loses more fluids than it takes in, which can affect the blood volume and the electrolyte balance. Dehydration can cause hypernatremia, which is a condition where the sodium level in the blood is too high, which can also affect the brain function and cause symptoms such as thirst, dry mouth, or lethargy.
Choice C reason: Increased secretion of aldosterone is not a cause of hyponatremia, but rather a cause of hypokalemia. Aldosterone is a hormone that regulates the sodium and potassium levels in the body by increasing the reabsorption of sodium and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys. Increased secretion of aldosterone can cause hypokalemia, which is a condition where the potassium level in the blood is too low, which can affect the muscle and nerve function and cause symptoms such as weakness, cramps, or arrhythmias.
Choice D reason: Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a cause of hyponatremia, as it is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This can lead to fluid retention and edema, which can dilute the sodium level in the blood and cause hyponatremia. CHF can also stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which increases the reabsorption of water in the kidneys and further lowers the sodium level in the blood.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because sodium level of 145 mEq/L is within the normal range of 135 to 145 mEq/L. Sodium is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by fluid balance or other conditions.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because magnesium level of 1.3 mEq/L is within the normal range of 1.3 to 2.1 mEq/L. Magnesium is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by renal function or other conditions.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because phosphorus level of 3.0 mg/dL is within the normal range of 2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL. Phosphorus is not directly affected by respiratory alkalosis, but it may be altered by calcium balance or other conditions.
Choice D reason: This is correct because potassium level of 3.0 mEq/L is below the normal range of 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L. Potassium is inversely related to hydrogen ions, which are decreased in respiratory alkalosis. As hydrogen ions move out of the cells to buffer the blood, potassium ions move into the cells to maintain electrical neutrality. This causes hypokalemia, or low potassium level.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because amino acids are electrolytes. Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and conduct electricity. Amino acids have both positive and negative charges and can form ions in solution.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because magnesium is an electrolyte. Magnesium is a metal that forms positive ions (cations) when dissolved in water. Magnesium is important for muscle and nerve function, as well as bone health.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because phosphates are electrolytes. Phosphates are compounds that contain the phosphate ion (PO4 3-), which is a negative ion (anion) in solution. Phosphates are involved in energy metabolism, acid-base balance, and bone formation.
Choice D reason: This is correct because glucose is a nonelectrolyte. Nonelectrolytes are substances that do not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water and do not conduct electricity. Glucose is a simple sugar that dissolves as a whole molecule in water. Glucose is the main source of energy for the body.
Whether you are a student looking to ace your exams or a practicing nurse seeking to enhance your expertise , our nursing education contents will empower you with the confidence and competence to make a difference in the lives of patients and become a respected leader in the healthcare field.
Visit Naxlex, invest in your future and unlock endless possibilities with our unparalleled nursing education contents today