The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia and notes that the client has poor skin turgor and flat neck and hand veins. The nurse suspects hypernatremia. Which sign/symptom would the nurse expect to note in this client if hypernatremia is present?
Polyuria
Dry mucous membranes
Diarrhea
Intense thirst
Vomiting
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because polyuria is a sign of hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. Polyuria is the excessive production of urine, which can cause fluid loss and sodium dilution.
Choice B reason: This is correct because dry mucous membranes are a sign of hypernatremia. Dry mucous membranes are caused by dehydration, which can occur in hypernatremia due to fluid shifting from the intracellular to the extracellular space.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because diarrhea is a sign of hyponatremia, not hypernatremia. Diarrhea is the frequent and watery passage of stool, which can cause fluid and electrolyte loss.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because intense thirst is a sign of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Intense thirst is a result of the body's attempt to restore fluid balance and osmolarity.
Choice E reason: This is incorrect because vomiting is a sign of both hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Vomiting is a reflex action that expels the contents of the stomach, which can cause fluid and electrolyte loss or imbalance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct because acidosis is a condition where the serum pH is lower than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. Acidosis can be caused by an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body, which can affect the function of various organs and systems.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because equal bicarbonate is not a condition, but a term that describes the balance between bicarbonate (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the blood. Bicarbonate is a base that buffers the acids in the blood and maintains the pH. Equal bicarbonate means that the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid is 20:1, which is the normal value.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because neutral carbonic acid is not a condition, but a term that describes the pH of carbonic acid (H2CO3) in the blood. Carbonic acid is an acid that forms when carbon dioxide (CO2) dissolves in water. Neutral carbonic acid means that the pH of carbonic acid is 7.0, which is neither acidic nor basic.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because alkalosis is a condition where the serum pH is higher than the normal range of 7.35 to 7.45. Alkalosis can be caused by a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body, which can affect the function of various organs and systems.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: This is correct because 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L is the normal range of serum potassium level in adults. Potassium is an electrolyte that is important for nerve and muscle function, as well as acid-base balance.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because 8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL is the normal range of serum calcium level in adults, not potassium. Calcium is an electrolyte that is involved in bone health, muscle contraction, and blood clotting.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because 135 to 145 mEq/L is the normal range of serum sodium level in adults, not potassium. Sodium is an electrolyte that is essential for fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because 1.8 to 2.6 mEq/L is the normal range of serum magnesium level in adults, not potassium. Magnesium is an electrolyte that is important for muscle and nerve function, as well as enzyme activity.
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