What is the normal range of serum sodium in adults?
120 to 140 mEq/L
135 to 145 mEq/L
150 to 160 mEq/L
165 to 175 mEq/L
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because 120 to 140 mEq/L is a low range for serum sodium, which indicates hyponatremia. Hyponatremia can cause confusion, lethargy, seizures, and coma.
Choice B reason: This is correct because 135 to 145 mEq/L is the normal range of serum sodium in adults. Sodium is essential for fluid balance, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.
Choice C reason: This is incorrect because 150 to 160 mEq/L is a high range for serum sodium, which indicates hypernatremia. Hypernatremia can cause thirst, dry mouth, agitation, and convulsions.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because 165 to 175 mEq/L is a very high range for serum sodium, which indicates severe hypernatremia. Severe hypernatremia can cause irreversible brain damage and death.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Intracellular to the extracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the cells lose water due to osmosis, such as in dehydration or hypernatremia.
Choice B reason: Interstitial to intravascular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the blood vessels, such as in hypovolemia or hypotonic fluid administration.
Choice C reason: Interstitial to the intracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the cells, such as in overhydration or hyponatremia.
Choice D reason: Intravascular to the interstitial fluid shift is the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the blood vessels to the tissue spaces, such as in edema, inflammation, or increased capillary permeability. This reduces the blood volume and lowers the blood pressure.
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"A"}
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diffusion is the process by which small ions such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration. This is how these molecules move across the cell membrane and the capillary wall.
Choice B reason: Osmosis is the process by which water moves through semipermeable membranes from areas of lower solute concentration to areas of higher solute concentration. This is how water balance is maintained across the cell membrane and the capillary wall.
Choice C reason: Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is not a process by which small ions redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes, but rather a factor that influences the movement of fluids and solutes across the capillary wall.
Choice D reason: Rehydration is the process of restoring the fluid balance in the body by drinking fluids or receiving intravenous fluids. It is not a process by which small ions redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes, but rather a treatment for dehydration.
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