An isotonic solution contains equal solute concentration on both sides.

True

False

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution, which means that the solute concentration on both sides of a semipermeable membrane is equal. This causes no net movement of water across the membrane, and the cells remain the same size and shape. An example of an isotonic solution is normal saline (0.9% sodium chloride), which is used to treat dehydration and fluid loss.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because the adrenal gland is not involved in the thirst mechanism. The adrenal gland is responsible for producing hormones such as cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenaline, which regulate stress response, blood pressure, and metabolism.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because the cerebral cortex is not involved in the thirst mechanism. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain that is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as memory, language, and reasoning.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because the pituitary gland is not directly involved in the thirst mechanism. The pituitary gland is a small gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones that control growth, reproduction, and metabolism. However, the pituitary gland does secrete antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is regulated by the hypothalamus and affects water balance in the body.

Choice D reason: This is correct because the hypothalamus is the location of the thirst mechanism. The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that regulates many bodily functions such as temperature, appetite, sleep, and emotions. The hypothalamus also monitors the blood osmolarity and triggers the sensation of thirst when the blood is too concentrated.

A. Metabolic alkalosis, uncompensated B. Respiratory alkalosis, uncompensated C. Respiratory acidosis, uncompensated D. Metabolic acidosis, uncompensated

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a high HCO3-. The patient's pH and HCO3- are both low, indicating acidosis, not alkalosis.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2. The patient's pH is low and PaCO2 is normal, indicating a metabolic problem, not a respiratory one.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PaCO2. The patient's pH is low, but PaCO2 is normal, indicating a metabolic problem, not a respiratory one.

Choice D reason: This is correct because metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3-. The patient's pH and HCO3- are both low, indicating a metabolic disorder. The condition is uncompensated because the PaCO2 is normal, meaning the respiratory system is not compensating for the metabolic acidosis.

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An isotonic solution contains equal solute concentration on both sides.

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The thirst mechanism is located in the:

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Lena Mason, who has diabetes, is admitted in a stuporous condition. Her blood gases show a pH of 7.33, PaCO2 of 40 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 20 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance does this patient have?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

What is the normal range of serum chloride level in adults?

George Torres is admitted with a head injury. He is comatose and is breathing rapidly. His blood gases show a pH of 7.47, PaCO2 of 32 mm Hg, and HCO3- of 26 mEq/L. Compare these gases to normal values. What type of imbalance does this patient have, and is it being compensated or uncompensated?

An isotonic state exists within a patient's body fluids when the solute concentration of:

A nurse is collecting data from a patient who has dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes that the potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. What would the nurse look for on the cardiac monitor as a result of this laboratory value?

A patient has end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which acid-base imbalance would be predictable in a patient with COPD?

Hyponatremia may be caused by:

The nurse is aware that small ions such as glucose, oxygen, and carbon dioxide redistribute themselves through semipermeable membranes by a process called dropdown.