The registered nurse reviews the result of the arterial blood gas values with the licensed practical nurse and tells the LPN that the client has respiratory acidosis. The LPN would expect to note which of the following on the laboratory result report?
pH 7.50, PCO2 30 mmHg
pH 7.45, PCO2 52 mmHg
pH 7.25, PCO2 50 mmHg
pH 7.35, PCO2 40 mmHg
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: This is incorrect because this represents respiratory alkalosis, not acidosis. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PCO2.
Choice B reason: This is incorrect because this represents a mixed disorder, not a pure respiratory acidosis. A mixed disorder occurs when both the pH and the PCO2 are abnormal, but in opposite directions.
Choice C reason: This is correct because this represents respiratory acidosis. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a high PCO2.
Choice D reason: This is incorrect because this represents normal values, not respiratory acidosis. Normal values for pH and PCO2 are 7.35 to 7.45 and 35 to 45 mmHg, respectively.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Intracellular to the extracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the cells lose water due to osmosis, such as in dehydration or hypernatremia.
Choice B reason: Interstitial to intravascular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the blood vessels, such as in hypovolemia or hypotonic fluid administration.
Choice C reason: Interstitial to the intracellular fluid shift is not the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the tissue spaces to the cells, such as in overhydration or hyponatremia.
Choice D reason: Intravascular to the interstitial fluid shift is the cause of low blood pressure in this case. This fluid shift occurs when the fluid moves from the blood vessels to the tissue spaces, such as in edema, inflammation, or increased capillary permeability. This reduces the blood volume and lowers the blood pressure.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: 60 mL of urine in a 2-hour period is not very concerning for a nurse, as it is within the normal range of urine output. The average urine output for an adult is about 1 to 2 L per day, or 40 to 80 mL per hour¹.
Choice B reason: 720 mL of urine in a 24-hour period is slightly below the normal range, but not alarming. It may indicate mild dehydration or reduced fluid intake, but it is not a sign of fluid volume excess or kidney failure¹.
Choice C reason: 600 mL of urine in a 10-hour period is also within the normal range of urine output, and does not indicate any problem with fluid balance or renal function¹.
Choice D reason: 100 mL of urine in a 5-hour period is the most concerning for a nurse, as it indicates oliguria, or abnormally low urine output. Oliguria is defined as urine output less than 400 mL per day, or less than 20 mL per hour². It may be caused by acute or chronic kidney injury, urinary obstruction, shock, dehydration, or fluid volume excess². Oliguria can lead to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, and uremia, and requires immediate medical attention².
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