An isotonic state exists within a patient's body fluids when the solute concentration of:

Intracellular fluid is greater than extracellular fluid

Extracellular fluid is less than intracellular fluid

Intracellular and extracellular fluid is equal

Interstitial fluid is less than the transcellular fluid

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A reason: This is incorrect because intracellular fluid is greater than extracellular fluid in a hypertonic state, not an isotonic state. A hypertonic state is when the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid is higher than the intracellular fluid, which causes water to move out of the cells and shrink them.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because extracellular fluid is less than intracellular fluid in a hypotonic state, not an isotonic state. A hypotonic state is when the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid is lower than the intracellular fluid, which causes water to move into the cells and swell them.

Choice C reason: This is correct because intracellular and extracellular fluid is equal in an isotonic state. An isotonic state is when the solute concentration of the extracellular fluid is the same as the intracellular fluid, which causes no net movement of water across the cell membrane.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because interstitial fluid is less than the transcellular fluid in a situation of fluid imbalance, not an isotonic state. Interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells, while transcellular fluid is the fluid that is contained in specialized cavities, such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, or pleural fluid. The amount of transcellular fluid is normally very small compared to the interstitial fluid, but it can increase in certain conditions, such as edema, ascites, or hydrocephalus.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is correct because prolonged bed rest can cause hypocalcemia, or low serum calcium level. Calcium is stored in the bones and is released into the blood when the bones are stressed by weight-bearing activities. When a person is on bed rest, the bones are not stimulated and the calcium remains in the bones, leading to a decrease in serum calcium level.

Choice B reason: This is incorrect because too much butter consumption does not affect the serum calcium level directly. Butter is a source of fat and calories, which can affect the cholesterol and triglyceride levels, but not the calcium level. However, too much butter consumption can cause obesity, which can increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures.

Choice C reason: This is incorrect because hyperparathyroidism can cause hypercalcemia, or high serum calcium level. Hyperparathyroidism is a condition where the parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates the calcium and phosphorus balance in the body. PTH stimulates the release of calcium from the bones into the blood, leading to an increase in serum calcium level.

Choice D reason: This is incorrect because excessive ingestion of vitamin D can also cause hypercalcemia, or high serum calcium level. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps the body absorb calcium from the food and supplements. When a person takes too much vitamin D, the calcium absorption is increased and the serum calcium level rises.

A. Respiratory alkalosis B. Metabolic acidosis C. Respiratory acidosis D. Metabolic alkalosis E. Metabolic alkalosis

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory alkalosis is caused by hyperventilation, which lowers the carbon dioxide levels in the blood and raises the pH. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction.

Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis is caused by an excess of acids or a loss of bases in the body, which lowers the pH. This can occur in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis, renal failure, or diarrhea. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction.

Choice C reason: Respiratory acidosis is caused by hypoventilation, which raises the carbon dioxide levels in the blood and lowers the pH. This can occur in conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, or sedative overdose. This is not likely to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction.

Choice D reason: Metabolic alkalosis is caused by a loss of acids or an excess of bases in the body, which raises the pH. This can occur in conditions such as vomiting, gastric suction, or diuretic use. This is the most likely acid-base disorder to occur in a client with a nasogastric tube on low suction, as the tube removes gastric acid from the stomach.

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An isotonic state exists within a patient's body fluids when the solute concentration of:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse reviews the client's serum calcium level and notes that the level is 7.9 mg/dL. The nurse understands that which condition would cause this serum calcium level?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

The nurse is caring for a client with a nasogastric tube that is attached to low suction. The nurse monitors the client closely for which acid-base disorder that is most likely to occur in this situation?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has a potassium deficiency. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of potassium?

What is the normal range of serum chloride level in adults?

PaCO2 level indicates the effectiveness of:

The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse would plan care knowing that which client is at risk for fluid volume deficit?

Which may cause hyperkalemia?

If your patient has a higher than normal pH (alkalosis), you would expect to also see:

An isotonic state exists within a patient's body fluids when the solute concentration of:

The nurse is caring for a client with severe diarrhea. The nurse monitors the client closely, understanding that this client is at risk for developing which acid-base disorder?