Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Active transport

Osmosis

Filtration

Diffusion

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Active transport is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Active transport is the process that moves solutes across a membrane against their concentration gradient, using energy from ATP. Active transport can create or maintain a concentration difference between two sides of a membrane.

Choice B reason: Osmosis is the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Osmosis is the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Osmosis can equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

Choice C reason: Filtration is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Filtration is the movement of fluid and solutes across a membrane due to a pressure difference between two sides of a membrane. Filtration can separate solutes from fluid based on their size and charge.

Choice D reason: Diffusion is not the process that allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area. Diffusion is the movement of solutes across a membrane from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration. Diffusion can also equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: This is not a statement that indicates a need for further teaching. The client should avoid alcohol and other substances that can harm the liver, as adalimumab can increase the risk of liver toxicity and hepatitis.

Choice B reason: This is a statement that indicates a need for further teaching. The client should not take naproxen and aspirin as needed for pain relief, as these are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that can increase the risk of bleeding and gastrointestinal ulcers. Adalimumab can also increase the risk of bleeding and ulcers, as it suppresses the immune system and the inflammatory response.

Choice C reason: This is not a statement that indicates a need for further teaching. The client should report any signs of infection or fever to the doctor, as adalimumab can increase the risk of serious infections and sepsis. Adalimumab can also mask the symptoms of infection, such as inflammation and pain.

Choice D reason: This is not a statement that indicates a need for further teaching. The client should inject the medication under the skin of the abdomen or thigh, as this is the recommended route and site for adalimumab administration.

A. Oily stools are common, especially when excessive fat is consumed. B. Many patients note having an increase of gas and flatus. C. Constipation is a common side effect with this medication. D. Some patients report the development of fecal incontinence. E. This medication doesn't really have any side effects because you can buy it over the counter.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Oily stools are common, especially when excessive fat is consumed, because orlistat blocks the absorption of fat in the intestines. The undigested fat is then eliminated in the stool, making it oily, greasy, or foul-smelling.

Choice B reason: Many patients note having an increase of gas and flatus, because orlistat can also interfere with the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins, causing fermentation and gas production in the colon.

Choice C reason: Constipation is not a common side effect with this medication. In fact, orlistat may cause the opposite effect of diarrhea, as the unabsorbed fat can irritate the bowel and increase the motility.

Choice D reason: Some patients report the development of fecal incontinence, because orlistat can cause unpredictable bowel movements and difficulty in controlling the passage of stool, especially if the patient consumes a high-fat diet.

Choice E reason: This medication does have side effects, even though it can be bought over the counter. Orlistat is a prescription-strength drug that can cause serious adverse reactions, such as liver damage, kidney stones, gallbladder problems, and vitamin deficiencies. The over-the-counter version is a lower dose than the prescription one, but it still requires medical supervision and lifestyle changes.

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Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A client with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis has been prescribed adalimumab, a biologic agent that blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A client with obesity is prescribed orlistat for weight loss. The client asks the nurse, "I understand the medication prevents digestion of fat, but what side effects does this cause?" Which of the following responses by the nurse are correct? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of fluid and solutes moving in and out of cells. What specific process allows fluid to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

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A nurse is teaching a client who is obese about orlistat. The nurse should instruct the client to report which of the following findings as an adverse effect of the medication?