Exhibits
The nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.

Cerebral edema

Septic shock

Cardiac arrhythmias

Renal failure

Hypotension

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. This is a serious complication in DKA, particularly in children, where the shift in osmolality during treatment can lead to fluid shifts into the brain. It can present with neurological deterioration, headache, altered mental status, and even coma.
B.   Septic shock
While infection can precipitate DKA, septic shock itself is not a direct complication of DKA. However, DKA can predispose patients to infections due to impaired immune function, dehydration, and hyperglycemia.
C.   Cardiac arrhythmias
Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia or hyperkalemia (depending on treatment phase), can predispose individuals with DKA to cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia) or atrial fibrillation.
D.   Renal failure
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and the direct effects of acidosis. However, with prompt and appropriate treatment, renal function typically recovers.
E.   Hypotension
Dehydration and volume depletion are common in DKA due to osmotic diuresis and fluid loss. This can lead to hypovolemic shock and hypotension if not adequately managed with fluid resuscitation.
F Respiratory alkalosis
DKA is associated with metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis. The body compensates for acidosis by increasing respiratory rate (Kussmaul respirations) to blow off CO2 and normalize pH, but this does not lead to respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine, which helps reduce allergic reactions like hives and urticaria.

B. Spironolactone is a diuretic and potassium-sparing aldosterone antagonist, primarily used for managing high blood pressure and fluid retention. It's not typically used for allergic reactions.

C. Desmopressin helps control bleeding and is not suitable for allergic reactions.

D. Metoclopramide helps with nausea and vomiting and wouldn't be the first choice for hives and urticaria.

A. "Did you decrease your insulin intake before you exercised?" B. "It is normal to feel this way after a morning run." C. "Were you careful to not have carbohydrates after the run?" D. "It becomes easier when exercise is a routine."

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A This response addresses a potential cause of exercise-induced hypoglycemia. Clients with type 1 diabetes often need to adjust their insulin dose or carbohydrate intake before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia. Asking about insulin adjustment is relevant to assess whether the client took appropriate precautions.

B. While exercise can cause fatigue, feeling diaphoretic, having palpitations, and extreme exhaustion are not normal responses after exercise, especially for someone with type 1 diabetes. This response does not address the potential cause of the symptoms.

C. This response addresses the importance of carbohydrate intake post-exercise to prevent or treat hypoglycemia. It encourages the client to reflect on their dietary choices following exercise, which can impact blood glucose levels.

D. While establishing a routine for exercise is beneficial for managing diabetes, this response does not address the immediate concern of hypoglycemia or provide guidance on managing the client's current symptoms.

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ExhibitsThe nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client following a cardiac catheterization who has hives and urticaria following administration of IV contrast dye. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse in a clinic is assessing a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. The client is diaphoretic, has a heart rate of 92/min, and reports palpitations. The client states, "I went for my morning run and feel exhausted." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Exhibits
The nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.