Exhibits
The nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.

Cerebral edema

Septic shock

Cardiac arrhythmias

Renal failure

Hypotension

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

A. This is a serious complication in DKA, particularly in children, where the shift in osmolality during treatment can lead to fluid shifts into the brain. It can present with neurological deterioration, headache, altered mental status, and even coma.
B.   Septic shock
While infection can precipitate DKA, septic shock itself is not a direct complication of DKA. However, DKA can predispose patients to infections due to impaired immune function, dehydration, and hyperglycemia.
C.   Cardiac arrhythmias
Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia or hyperkalemia (depending on treatment phase), can predispose individuals with DKA to cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia) or atrial fibrillation.
D.   Renal failure
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can occur due to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and the direct effects of acidosis. However, with prompt and appropriate treatment, renal function typically recovers.
E.   Hypotension
Dehydration and volume depletion are common in DKA due to osmotic diuresis and fluid loss. This can lead to hypovolemic shock and hypotension if not adequately managed with fluid resuscitation.
F Respiratory alkalosis
DKA is associated with metabolic acidosis, not respiratory alkalosis. The body compensates for acidosis by increasing respiratory rate (Kussmaul respirations) to blow off CO2 and normalize pH, but this does not lead to respiratory alkalosis.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Laryngeal edema, or swelling of the larynx (voice box), is a hallmark feature of severe anaphylaxis. It can lead to airway obstruction and respiratory distress, which are critical components of an anaphylactic reaction.

A Arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms) can occur as a result of various causes, including medications, but they are not specific to anaphylaxis. They may or may not be present during an anaphylactic reaction.

C. Hypertension (high blood pressure) is not a typical feature of anaphylaxis. Instead, hypotension (low blood pressure) is more commonly associated with anaphylactic shock, which is a severe form of anaphylaxis.

D. Fever is not typically associated with anaphylaxis. Anaphylactic reactions typically involve rapid onset of symptoms such as flushing, hives, swelling, respiratory distress, and potentially cardiovascular collapse, but not fever.

A. Check the pulse distal to the graft. B. Splint the left forearm to prevent damage to the graft. C. Collect blood specimens from the graft. D. Keep the left forearm below the level of the heart.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A Checking the pulse distal (beyond) to the AV graft site is crucial to assess peripheral circulation. It helps determine if the graft is adequately perfusing blood to the distal extremity. Absence or weak pulse distal to the graft could indicate graft malfunction or complications such as thrombosis or inadequate blood flow.

B. Splinting the forearm may help immobilize the arm and reduce movement that could potentially disrupt the AV graft site. However, immobilization should be balanced with promoting mobility and preventing complications such as joint stiffness or pressure injuries.

C. Drawing blood from the AV graft could introduce infection risk or damage the graft site. It is standard practice to avoid using the AV graft for routine blood draws

D. Positioning the forearm below the level of the heart promotes venous return and reduces swelling or edema in the extremity. However, for an AV graft, maintaining the arm in a dependent position should be avoided to prevent excessive pressure on the graft site or compromising blood flow.

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ExhibitsThe nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a client following the administration of an initial dose of captopril. Which of the following findings indicates an anaphylactic response?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Exhibits
The nurse is caring for the client in the ED. The nurse understands that the client is at risk of developing which of the following complications? Select all that apply.