A nurse is caring for a client in the ICU. The client's ECG monitor tracing reveals sinus bradycardia and S-T segment elevation. The client reports shortness of breath and feeling dizzy and faint. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer?

Lidocaine

Digoxin

Atropine

Sotalol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

C. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication that increases heart rate by blocking vagal tone to the heart. It is used to treat symptomatic bradycardia, including sinus bradycardia that causes hemodynamic instability

A Lidocaine is primarily used for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias, particularly in the setting of acute myocardial infarction or during cardiac arrest. Sinus bradycardia with S-T segment elevation suggests ischemia or injury to the heart muscle (myocardium) rather than ventricular arrhythmias.

B. Digoxin is a medication used to increase myocardial contractility and reduce heart rate in certain heart conditions such as atrial fibrillation or heart failure. It is not typically indicated for acute management of sinus bradycardia

D. Sotalol is a beta-blocker with class III antiarrhythmic properties. It is used primarily for the management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, not for acute coronary syndrome or sinus bradycardia with myocardial ischemia.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A Canola oil is a healthier choice compared to saturated fats like butter or coconut oil because it is lower in saturated fat and high in unsaturated fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats). Using canola oil can help lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

B. Canned vegetables often contain added sodium as a preservative, which can contribute to hypertension (high blood pressure), a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, increasing intake

of canned vegetables is not recommended for someone with cardiovascular disease unless they are choosing low-sodium or no-added-salt varieties.

C. Limiting portions of meat helps reduce intake of saturated fats, which can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease. A portion size of 8 ounces is appropriate as part of a heart-healthy diet that emphasizes lean proteins and plant-based sources of protein.

D. Whole milk is higher in saturated fat compared to low-fat or skim milk. Consuming saturated fats increases LDL cholesterol levels, which can contribute to cardiovascular disease. Therefore, drinking whole milk is not recommended for someone with cardiovascular disease who should focus on reducing saturated fat intake.

A. Teach the client a breathing exercise with a longer inhalation phase. B. Limit fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day. C. Encourage use of incentive spirometry for 5 min every 2 hr. D. Administer oxygen at 2 L/min.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A Breathing exercises can help improve lung function and oxygenation. However, the specific type of breathing exercise is crucial. Emphysema typically involves air trapping due to loss of elasticity in the lungs, so teaching a breathing exercise with a longer exhalation phase (to facilitate complete exhalation and prevent air trapping) would be more beneficial than emphasizing a longer inhalation phase.

B. Fluid restriction is not typically indicated for clients with emphysema. It is more relevant for conditions where fluid overload can exacerbate symptoms (like congestive heart failure). In emphysema, maintaining adequate hydration is important to keep secretions thin and more manageable for clearing.

C.Incentive spirometry is used to help promote deep breathing and prevent atelectasis (lung collapse) by encouraging the client to take slow, deep breaths. However, incentive spirometry is typically more useful for clients recovering from surgery or immobilized clients rather than for those with emphysema.

D. The use of oxygen therapy at 2 L/min is a standard intervention for clients with emphysema who have low oxygen levels, as it helps maintain proper oxygenation. It is crucial to manage oxygen levels carefully to prevent complications such as hypoxia or pulmonary hypertension while avoiding excessive oxygen, which may reduce the patient's drive to breathe.

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A nurse is caring for a client in the ICU. The client's ECG monitor tracing reveals sinus bradycardia and S-T segment elevation. The client reports shortness of breath and feeling dizzy and faint. Which of the following medications should the nurse administer?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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