During painful episodes of juvenile arthritis, a plan of care should include what nursing intervention?

The statement that best describes why infants are at greater risk for dehydration than older children is option B. Infants have an increased extracellular fluid volume compared to older children. This means that a larger proportion of their total body fluid is located outside the cells, in the extracellular compartment. This higher extracellular fluid volume makes infants more susceptible to fluid losses and dehydration if they experience inadequate fluid intake or increased fluid losses.

infants have an increased ability to concentrate urine in (option A), is incorrect. Infants have limited renal function and may have difficulty concentrating urine compared to older children and adults. This can contribute to a higher risk of dehydration in infants.

infants have a greater volume of intracellular fluid in (option C), is incorrect. The volume of intracellular fluid is not the primary factor contributing to the increased risk of dehydration in infants.

infants have a smaller body surface area in (option D) is incorrect because it, is not directly related to the increased risk of dehydration. Body surface area influences heat exchange and fluid loss through sweating but is not the main factor contributing to the higher risk of dehydration in infants.

During painful episodes of juvenile arthritis, a plan of care should include proper positioning of the affected joints to prevent musculoskeletal complications. Proper positioning helps to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, and minimize stress on the affected joints. It also promotes joint stability and prevents contractures or deformities that can occur due to prolonged immobility.

a weight-control diet to decrease stress on the joints in (option A) is incorrect because it, may be a consideration in managing overall joint health and reducing excessive strain on the joints. However, it is not the primary nursing intervention during painful episodes of juvenile arthritis.

high-resistance exercises to maintain muscular tone in the affected joints in (option C) is incorrect because it, may not be appropriate during painful episodes of juvenile arthritis. High-resistance exercises can potentially exacerbate pain and inflammation. Exercise should be tailored to the individual's condition and guided by healthcare professionals.

complete bed rest to decrease stress to joints in (option D) is incorrect because it, is not recommended as a nursing intervention for painful episodes of juvenile arthritis. Prolonged bed rest can lead to muscle weakness, joint stiffness, and functional decline. Instead, maintaining mobility and appropriate activity levels within the child's pain tolerance and capabilities is generally preferred.