During antibiotic therapy, the nurse will monitor closely for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. Which of these assessment findings may be an indication of a hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)

Shortness of breath

Black hairy tongue

Itching

Swelling of the tongue

Wheezing

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,C,D,E

Choice A rationale:

Shortness of breath is a common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction. This occurs because the body’s immune system responds to a foreign substance, known as an antigen, by producing specific antibodies. This immune response can cause inflammation and swelling in various parts of the body, including the airways, leading to shortness of breath.

Choice B rationale:

A black hairy tongue is not typically associated with a hypersensitivity reaction. It is a condition that causes the tongue to appear black and hairy, and it’s usually caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast on the tongue. It’s not related to allergies or hypersensitivity reactions.

Choice C rationale:

Itching is another common symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction. When the body encounters an antigen, it triggers an immune response that releases chemicals like histamine. Histamine can cause itching, among other symptoms.

Choice D rationale:

Swelling of the tongue can be a symptom of a severe hypersensitivity reaction known as anaphylaxis. This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. The swelling is caused by inflammation in response to an antigen.

Choice E rationale:

Wheezing is a symptom of a hypersensitivity reaction, specifically type I hypersensitivity. This type of reaction includes allergic disorders, which affect the lungs among other parts of the body. The immune response to an antigen can cause the airways to narrow and produce a wheezing sound.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While it’s true that antiviral drugs can be effective in treating the flu, they’re most effective when started within 48 hours of symptom onset. Starting treatment after 4 days may not provide the same benefits.

Choice B rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While a blood test can confirm the presence of the flu virus, it’s not typically necessary to diagnose the flu. Diagnosis is usually based on symptoms and the fact that the flu is widespread in the community.

Choice C rationale:

This choice is correct. Antiviral drugs are most effective when started within 2 days of symptom onset. After this time, the benefits of these drugs decrease. Therefore, starting treatment 4 days after symptoms begin may not significantly reduce the duration or severity of symptoms.

Choice D rationale:

This choice is incorrect. While it’s true that getting a flu vaccine is important, it’s not the best response in this situation. The flu vaccine won’t treat current illness. It’s designed to prevent future infections. In this case, the individual is already sick, so a booster vaccination wouldn’t be the most effective course of action.

A. Stop taking this drug as soon as your symptoms subside. B. Avoid tanning beds while on this medication. C. Take this medication with 8oz of juice. D. Restrict your daily fluid intake to 1000ml per day.

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Sulfonamides should be taken for the full time of treatment, even if the patient begins to feel better after a few days. If the medication is stopped too soon, the symptoms may return.

Choice B rationale:

This statement is correct. Sulfonamides can cause increased photosensitivity, which means the skin can be more sensitive to the sun and burn more easily. Therefore, patients should be educated to use sunscreen and protective clothing with sun exposure.

Choice C rationale:

This statement is correct. Sulfonamides are best taken with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. Several additional glasses of water should be taken every day, unless otherwise directed by the doctor. Drinking extra water will help to prevent some unwanted effects of sulfonamides.

Choice D rationale:

This statement is incorrect. Restricting daily fluid intake to 1000ml per day while on sulfonamides could increase the risk of crystalluria that can cause kidney stones or decreased kidney function. Therefore, patients should increase their water intake while taking these medications.

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During antibiotic therapy, the nurse will monitor closely for signs and symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. Which of these assessment findings may be an indication of a hypersensitivity reaction? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A young adult calls the clinic to ask for a prescription for a new flu drug. He says he has had the flu for almost 4 days and just heard about a drug that can reduce the symptoms. What is the nurse’s best response to his request?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The nurse is preparing to educate a patient who has just been prescribed a sulfonamide. Which statements should be included in the teaching plan?

Correct Answer is ["B","C"]

Explanation

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