During a health history, a 48-year-old client states, "I've noticed that I need to hold my newspaper farther away so that I can read it." Which of the following would the nurse suspect?

Presbyopia

Cataracts

Tropia

Myopia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Presbyopia: Presbyopia is an age-related condition where the lens of the eye loses elasticity, making it harder to focus on close objects. This condition typically begins to affect individuals around the age of 40, causing them to hold reading materials farther away to see them clearly. The client's complaint aligns perfectly with this common symptom of presbyopia.

B) Cataracts: Cataracts involve the clouding of the eye's lens, leading to overall blurry vision, glare, and difficulty with night vision. Although cataracts can interfere with reading, they do not specifically cause the need to hold reading materials farther away, which is more indicative of presbyopia.

C) Tropia: Tropia is a type of strabismus where one eye deviates from normal alignment, leading to symptoms like double vision or eye strain. This condition affects how the eyes coordinate but does not typically cause the specific symptom of needing to hold reading materials farther away.

D) Myopia: Myopia, or nearsightedness, results in clear vision for close objects but blurry vision for distant objects. The client's issue of needing to hold reading materials farther away to see clearly is inconsistent with myopia, which would cause difficulty with distant vision instead.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Acanthosis Nigricans:

Acanthosis nigricans is characterized by dark, velvety patches of skin, often found in body folds such as the neck, armpits, and groin. It does not present as the yellow discoloration seen in the photo.

B. Cyanosis:

Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes due to inadequate oxygenation of the blood. The image shows yellow discoloration, not the blue tint associated with cyanosis.

C. Jaundice:

Jaundice is indicated by a yellowish tint to the skin and sclera due to elevated bilirubin levels, commonly associated with liver dysfunction. The photo clearly shows this yellow discoloration, consistent with jaundice, often seen in chronic alcoholics with liver disease.

D. Carotenemia:

Carotenemia presents as a yellow-orange discoloration of the skin, especially on the palms and soles, due to high levels of carotene in the blood. It does not typically affect the sclera, which differentiates it from jaundice. The uniform yellowing of the skin and eyes in the photo aligns more with jaundice.

A. Location B. Color C. Condition of surrounding skin D. Elevation E. Distribution pattern

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

A) Location: Documenting the exact location of lesions is crucial for monitoring changes over time, assessing potential spread or resolution, and providing accurate information for future reference. This information helps in the diagnosis and in tracking the effectiveness of treatments.

B) Color: The color of lesions can provide important clues about their nature and cause. For example, red or inflamed lesions might indicate infection or irritation, while darker lesions could suggest malignancy or chronicity. Color changes can also signify healing or worsening of the lesion.

C) Condition of surrounding skin: Noting the condition of the skin around the lesions helps assess whether there is additional inflammation, infection, or other skin conditions that may be related to the primary lesion. This provides a more comprehensive understanding of the patient’s skin health and any secondary complications.

D) Elevation: Elevation refers to whether the lesion is raised, flat, or depressed compared to the surrounding skin. This characteristic helps in identifying the type of lesion, such as a papule, plaque, or ulcer. Elevated lesions might suggest certain dermatological conditions, while depressed lesions might indicate scarring or loss of tissue.

E) Distribution pattern: The pattern of how lesions are distributed on the body can provide diagnostic clues. For example, a linear distribution might suggest contact dermatitis, while a symmetrical distribution could indicate a systemic condition. Understanding the distribution pattern helps in identifying the underlying cause and planning appropriate treatment.

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During a health history, a 48-year-old client states, "I've noticed that I need to hold my newspaper farther away so that I can read it." Which of the following would the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

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