During your physical examination of a 29-year-old professional volley ball player who recently completed a beach tournament, you gently pinch the skin on the chest area. The skin remains in a "tent" shape and slowly returns to its normal position. This is a sign of

Dehydration

Hypervolemia

Properly Hydrated

Infection

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Dehydration:

When the skin remains tented and returns to its normal position slowly after being pinched, it indicates decreased skin turgor, which is a clinical sign of dehydration. Dehydration can occur due to fluid loss from sweating during vigorous physical activity like a beach tournament.

B) Hypervolemia:

Hypervolemia refers to excess fluid volume in the body, which would typically manifest with signs such as peripheral edema or jugular vein distention rather than decreased skin turgor.

C) Properly Hydrated:

Properly hydrated individuals would have normal skin turgor, where the skin returns promptly to its normal position after being pinched.

D) Infection:

Skin tenting is not a specific sign of infection. Infection would typically present with localized signs such as redness, warmth, swelling, and possibly systemic signs like fever.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

(a) Mydriasis:

While mydriasis (dilated pupil) can be associated with cranial nerve III damage, it does not fully describe the range of symptoms expected with oculomotor paralysis. Cranial nerve III controls more functions than pupil dilation, such as eyelid elevation and certain eye movements.

(b) Normal eye movement:

Cranial nerve III paralysis would result in abnormal eye movement due to the loss of control over muscles responsible for moving the eye. Expecting normal eye movement would be incorrect since the paralysis affects the eye's ability to move properly.

Cranial nerve III (oculomotor nerve) paralysis leads to ptosis (drooping eyelid) because it innervates the levator palpebrae superioris muscle. It also affects the pupillary constrictor muscles, resulting in a dilated pupil (lack of pupillary constriction), making this the most comprehensive and accurate answer.

(d) The eye cannot look to the outside side:

Inability to look to the outside (lateral movement) is typically associated with cranial nerve VI (abducens nerve) paralysis, which controls the lateral rectus muscle. Cranial nerve III primarily affects vertical and medial movements, so this is not the expected finding.

A. Soles of the feet B. Oral mucosa C. Ear lobes D. Conjunctivae

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

(a) Soles of the feet:

The soles of the feet are not considered the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis because peripheral areas can be affected by various factors, including temperature and circulation. Changes in color here might not accurately reflect central oxygenation status.

(b) Oral mucosa:

The oral mucosa is the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis because it reflects the oxygenation status of the central circulatory system. Cyanosis in this area indicates a significant drop in arterial oxygen saturation and is a more direct indicator of hypoxemia compared to peripheral sites.

Ear lobes, like the soles of the feet, can be influenced by peripheral circulation and environmental factors. While cyanosis can be observed here, it is not as reliable as central sites like the oral mucosa for assessing systemic oxygenation.

(d) Conjunctivae:

The conjunctivae can show signs of cyanosis, but the oral mucosa is still a more sensitive and reliable indicator for central cyanosis. The oral mucosa provides a clear and consistent site to assess oxygenation in emergency situations.

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During your physical examination of a 29-year-old professional volley ball player who recently completed a beach tournament, you gently pinch the skin on the chest area. The skin remains in a "tent" shape and slowly returns to its normal position. This is a sign of

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse read the patient's health history cranial nerve III oculomotor paralysis. Which of the following would the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

While working in the Emergency department a Rapid response nurse is evaluating a patient in acute respiratory failure after a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following areas should the nurse evaluate as the most reliable indicator of central cyanosis?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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