Choose the group that is correct.
Select all that apply.

Lisinopril belongs to the class of drugs calledangiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors.ACE inhibitors work by blocking the enzyme that converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, a hormone that causes blood vessels to narrow and raise blood pressure.By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors relax and widen the blood vessels, lower blood pressure, and improve blood flow to the heart and kidneys.

Choice B.Candesartan is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs calledangiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs).ARBs work by blocking the action of angiotensin II on its receptors, preventing it from causing blood vessel constriction and high blood pressure.ARBs are similar to ACE inhibitors in their effects, but they do not affect the enzyme or the level of bradykinin, a peptide that can cause cough and angioedema as side effects of ACE inhibitors.

Choice C.Metoprolol is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs calledbeta blockers.Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline and other hormones that stimulate the heart and blood vessels, causing them to beat slower and with less force.Beta blockers lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart.

Choice D.Amlodipine is wrong because it belongs to the class of drugs calledcalcium channel blockers.Calcium channel blockers work by blocking the entry of calcium into the muscle cells of the heart and blood vessels, causing them to relax and dilate.Calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure and improve blood flow to the heart.

Normal ranges for blood pressure vary depending on age, gender, and other factors, but generally, a systolic blood pressure (the top number) of less than 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure (the bottom number) of less than 80 mmHg are considered normal for adults.A blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg or higher is considered high and may require treatment with medication.

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have the action ofdecreasing the flow of calcium ionsinto the cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells, thusdecreasing heart rate and contractions.

This leads to vasodilation and myocardial depression, which can help control arrhythmias, hypertension and angina.

Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not increase blood vessel spasm, but rather relax them by inhibiting the calcium influx that causes contraction.

Choice C is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not promote platelet aggregation, but rather inhibit it by interfering with the calcium-dependent binding of fibrinogen to platelets.

Choice D is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not enhance sympathetic nervous system activity, but rather counteract it by reducing the cardiac output and peripheral resistance.

Some normal ranges for reference are:

• Heart rate: 60-100 beats per minute

• Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg

• Calcium: 8.5-10.5 mg/dL