Which of the following should be avoided for clients taking ACE Inhibitors?
Food high in potassium.
Low sodium diet.
Adequate fluid intake.
Foods low in potassium.
The Correct Answer is A
Food high in potassium should be avoided for clients taking ACE inhibitors. ACE inhibitors are drugs that block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, which is a potent vasoconstrictor and also stimulates the secretion of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium and water and the excretion of potassium in the kidneys. By inhibiting angiotensin II, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the loss of potassium. However, this can also lead to hyperkalemia, which is a high level of potassium in the blood that can cause cardiac arrhythmias and muscle weakness. Therefore, clients taking ACE inhibitors should limit their intake of foods that are rich in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, tomatoes, potatoes, spinach, beans, nuts, and salt substitutes.
Choice B is wrong because a low sodium diet is recommended for clients taking ACE inhibitors.
A low sodium diet can help lower blood pressure and reduce fluid retention, which are beneficial effects for clients with hypertension, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. A low-potassium diet should aim for potassium intake of less than 50 or 75 mmol/day and sodium intake of less than 60 mmol/day for hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease.
Choice C is wrong because adequate fluid intake is not contraindicated for clients taking ACE inhibitors.
Adequate fluid intake can help prevent dehydration and maintain kidney function, especially in patients with diabetes or nephropathy. However, excessive fluid intake may worsen heart failure or edema in some patients, so fluid intake should be individualized and monitored according to the patient’s condition and response to therapy.
Choice D is wrong because foods low in potassium are not harmful for clients taking ACE inhibitors.
Foods low in potassium do not affect the serum potassium level or the risk of hyperkalemia in clients taking ACE inhibitors. However, foods low in potassium may not provide enough dietary potassium for normal cellular functions, so a balanced diet that includes moderate amounts of potassium-rich foods is advisable.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Diuretics are medicines that help the kidneys get rid of excess water and salt, which can ease the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness and swelling.However, diuretics may also lower the blood pressure by reducing the blood volume and the cardiac output. This can cause symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, or fainting.Hypotension is defined as a systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure lower than 60 mmHg.
Choice A is wrong because fluid retention is the opposite of what diuretics do. Diuretics increase the urine output and decrease the fluid accumulation in the body.
Choice C is wrong because hyperglycemia is not a common side effect of diuretics. Hyperglycemia is a condition where the blood sugar level is too high.Diuretics may affect the blood sugar level in some cases, but usually not significantly.
Choice D is wrong because diarrhea is not a typical side effect of diuretics.
Diarrhea is a condition where the stool is loose and watery.Diuretics may cause some gastrointestinal discomfort, such as nausea or cramps, but not diarrhea.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are 120/80 mmHg for systolic/diastolic in healthy adults, and 140/90 mmHg or higher for hypertension.Normal ranges for blood sugar are 70-100 mg/dL for fasting glucose, and less than 140 mg/dL for postprandial glucose.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Exposure to cold temperatures should be avoided by the patient with peripheral vascular disease such as Raynaud’s disease.
This is because cold temperatures can trigger vasospasm, which is a sudden narrowing of the small arteries in the fingers or toes, limiting blood flow and causing pain, numbness and color changes.
Choice A is wrong because wearing warm mitten gloves can help prevent or reduce the severity of Raynaud’s attacks by keeping the hands warm.
Choice B is wrong because wearing socks can also help protect the feet from cold exposure and prevent or reduce Raynaud’s attacks.
Choice D is wrong because engaging in regular exercise can improve blood circulation and reduce the frequency and duration of Raynaud’s attacks.However, exercise should be done with caution and proper clothing to avoid injury or frostbite to the affected areas.
Normal ranges for peripheral vascular disease are not applicable, as it is a condition that affects the blood vessels and not a specific blood test or measurement.
However, some tests that can help diagnose peripheral vascular disease or its underlying causes are blood pressure measurement, ankle-brachial index, Doppler ultrasound, angiography, blood tests for cholesterol, glucose, clotting factors and inflammatory markers.
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