Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

Decreased white blood cells.

Swelling of the face and lips.

Chronic cough.

Renal failure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By preventing this hormone from acting, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough, which occurs in 12–19% of people who take them. The cough is caused by the accumulation of a substance called bradykinin, which is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels increase and cause irritation and inflammation in the airways.

Choice A is wrong because decreased white blood cells are not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a condition called neutropenia, which is a low level of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils. This can increase the risk of infections and may require stopping the medication.

Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and lips is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a rare but serious allergic reaction called angioedema, which is a swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes.

This can affect the face, lips, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body and can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. Angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D is wrong because renal failure is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may experience a decrease in kidney function or an increase in blood levels of creatinine, which is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and can lead to toxicity even with normal serum digoxin levels. Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump on the cardiac cells, which causes potassium to accumulate outside the cells.Low potassium levels in the blood create a larger gradient for potassium to move out of the cells, which enhances the effect of digoxin and can cause arrhythmias.

Choice B is wrong because calcium 9.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can potentiate the effects of digoxin and cause toxicity.

Choice C is wrong because sodium 140 mEq/L is within the normal range (135 to 145 mEq/L) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high sodium levels (hypernatremia) can reduce the binding of digoxin to the sodium-potassium pump and decrease its efficacy.

Choice D is wrong because magnesium 2.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (1.7 to 2.4 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and cause toxicity.

A. Alpha 3 adrenergic blocker. B. Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist. C. Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist. D. Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension.They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure.Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.

Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist.There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.

Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension.They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal.Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.

Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers.They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure.Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.

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Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for digoxin toxicity?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following diuretic agents will the nurse teach the patient to avoid food sources that are high in potassium?

Why is a patient who is using a transdermal nitroglycerin patch instructed to remove the patch at bedtime and apply a new one in the morning?

A client is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for the management of hypertension. The nurse plans to assess the client for allergy to?

Which range of systolic blood pressure is classified as stage 1 hypertension?

A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who is starting simvastatin. Which of the following information should the nurse include?

Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

The prescriber orders furosemide 80 mg for a patient who has been retaining extra fluid after surgery. The nurse notes the following: BP of 142/88 (lying) and 108/60 (sitting); daily weight of 154 lb, a 1-lb drop from day before; serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse do?

A client has been prescribed an alpha-adrenergic, terazosin for their benign prostatic hypertrophy. The nurse plans to include which of the following in the client teaching?