Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

Decreased white blood cells.

Swelling of the face and lips.

Chronic cough.

Renal failure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By preventing this hormone from acting, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough, which occurs in 12–19% of people who take them. The cough is caused by the accumulation of a substance called bradykinin, which is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels increase and cause irritation and inflammation in the airways.

Choice A is wrong because decreased white blood cells are not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a condition called neutropenia, which is a low level of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils. This can increase the risk of infections and may require stopping the medication.

Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and lips is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a rare but serious allergic reaction called angioedema, which is a swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes.

This can affect the face, lips, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body and can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. Angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D is wrong because renal failure is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may experience a decrease in kidney function or an increase in blood levels of creatinine, which is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

According to the International Society of Hypertension, lifestyle interventions are recommended for three to six months before medication in patients with grade 1 hypertension (BP < 160/100 mm Hg) and no comorbidities.Diet and exercise can lower BP by reducing weight, sodium intake, alcohol consumption, and stress levels.

Choice A is wrong because angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population.They are preferred in patients with diabetes, chronic kidney disease, or heart failure.

Choice B is wrong because combination diuretics are not the initial recommendation for hypertension.They are used when monotherapy is not sufficient to achieve the target BP or when there is fluid retention.

Choice C is wrong because beta-adrenergic blocking agents are not the first-line medication for hypertension in the general population.They are preferred in patients with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or arrhythmias.

A. Alpha 3 adrenergic blocker. B. Alpha 2 adrenergic antagonist. C. Alpha 1 adrenergic agonist. D. Alpha 1 Adrenergic Blocking Agents.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Alpha 1 adrenergic blocking agents have a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension.They work by preventing the hormone norepinephrine from tightening the muscles in the walls of smaller arteries and veins, thus lowering the blood pressure.Some examples of alpha 1 blockers are doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.

Choice A is wrong because alpha 3 adrenergic blockers do not exist.There are only two subtypes of alpha receptors: alpha 1 and alpha 2.

Choice B is wrong because alpha 2 adrenergic antagonists are not used for hypertension.They are used for conditions like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and opioid withdrawal.Alpha 2 antagonists block the negative feedback mechanism of norepinephrine release, thus increasing the amount of norepinephrine in the blood and raising the blood pressure.

Choice C is wrong because alpha 1 adrenergic agonists have the opposite effect of alpha 1 blockers.They stimulate the alpha 1 receptors and cause vasoconstriction, which increases the blood pressure.Alpha 1 agonists are used for conditions like nasal congestion and hypotension.

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Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. What is the initial recommendation for this patient likely to be?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Which of the following Alpha adrenergic class has a vasodilating effect and can be used for the management of hypertension?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Class IV antidysrhythmics or calcium channel blockers have what action on the cardiovascular system?

Which of the following should be avoided for clients taking ACE Inhibitors?

Which laboratory test measures the effectiveness of warfarin?

A patient with peripheral vascular disease has been on pentoxifylline (Trental) for 2 weeks. Which statements by the patient indicate no need for further patient teaching about the disease? Select all that apply.

Patients taking which cholesterol-lowering agent may require supplements of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K?

Which administration strategy can a patient implement to reduce flushing, the most common adverse effect of niacin therapy?

The prescriber orders furosemide 80 mg for a patient who has been retaining extra fluid after surgery. The nurse notes the following: BP of 142/88 (lying) and 108/60 (sitting); daily weight of 154 lb, a 1-lb drop from day before; serum potassium of 2.8 mEq/L. What should the nurse do?

A nurse in a provider’s office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client’s risk for digoxin toxicity?