Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

Decreased white blood cells.

Swelling of the face and lips.

Chronic cough.

Renal failure.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By preventing this hormone from acting, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough, which occurs in 12–19% of people who take them. The cough is caused by the accumulation of a substance called bradykinin, which is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels increase and cause irritation and inflammation in the airways.

Choice A is wrong because decreased white blood cells are not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a condition called neutropenia, which is a low level of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils. This can increase the risk of infections and may require stopping the medication.

Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and lips is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may develop a rare but serious allergic reaction called angioedema, which is a swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes.

This can affect the face, lips, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body and can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. Angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.

Choice D is wrong because renal failure is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.

However, some people may experience a decrease in kidney function or an increase in blood levels of creatinine, which is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Hypokalemia is a condition of low potassium levels in the blood, which can be caused by diuretics such as furosemide (Lasix) that increase the excretion of potassium in the urine. Potassium is an important electrolyte that helps regulate the function of nerves and muscles, including the heart.Low potassium levels can cause symptoms such as confusion, tremors, muscle cramps, and nausea, which are consistent with the patient’s presentation.

Choice B, renal failure, is wrong because furosemide is used to treat fluid retention and edema caused by kidney disease, not to cause it.Renal failure would also cause symptoms such as decreased urine output, swelling, fatigue, and shortness of breath, which are not mentioned in the question.

Choice C, hyperkalemia, is wrong because hyperkalemia is a condition of high potassium levels in the blood, which can be caused by kidney disease or certain medications that decrease the excretion of potassium in the urine.Hyperkalemia can cause symptoms such as weakness, irregular heartbeat, paralysis, and chest pain, which are different from the patient’s symptoms.

Choice D, heart failure, is wrong because furosemide is also used to treat fluid retention and edema caused by heart failure, not to cause it.Heart failure would also cause symptoms such as shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, and rapid weight gain, which are not mentioned in the question.

Normal ranges for potassium levels in the blood are 3.5 to 5.0 milliequivalents per liter (mEq/L) for adults and 3.4 to 4.7 mEq/L for children.

A level below 3.5 mEq/L is considered hypokalemic and a level above 5.0 mEq/L is considered hyperkalemic.

A. Potassium 3.0 mEq/L. B. Calcium 9.2 mg/dL. C. Sodium 140 mEq/L. D. Magnesium 2.2 mg/dL.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This is because low potassium levels (hypokalemia) increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and can lead to toxicity even with normal serum digoxin levels. Digoxin inhibits the sodium-potassium pump on the cardiac cells, which causes potassium to accumulate outside the cells.Low potassium levels in the blood create a larger gradient for potassium to move out of the cells, which enhances the effect of digoxin and can cause arrhythmias.

Choice B is wrong because calcium 9.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.2 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high calcium levels (hypercalcemia) can potentiate the effects of digoxin and cause toxicity.

Choice C is wrong because sodium 140 mEq/L is within the normal range (135 to 145 mEq/L) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, high sodium levels (hypernatremia) can reduce the binding of digoxin to the sodium-potassium pump and decrease its efficacy.

Choice D is wrong because magnesium 2.2 mg/dL is within the normal range (1.7 to 2.4 mg/dL) and does not increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.However, low magnesium levels (hypomagnesemia) can increase the sensitivity of the heart to digoxin and cause toxicity.

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Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A patient with a history of heart failure is prescribed furosemide (Lasix). Several days after the aggressive diuretic therapy started, the patient began to exhibit confusion, tremors, muscle cramps, and nausea. What does the nurse suspect?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse in a provider's office is monitoring blood electrolytes for four clients who take digoxin. Which of the following electrolyte values increases a client's risk for digoxin toxicity?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Digoxin (Lanoxin) is a cardiac glycoside that is among the oldest medications used for heart failure. What are its two primary actions?

A patient is diagnosed with hypertension. What is the initial recommendation for this patient likely to be?

For peripheral venous disease, the nurse will teach the patient to do what in order to promote blood circulation?

The nurse is preparing a patient’s daily dose of digoxin (Lanoxin), an inotropic drug. The adult patient has an apical pulse of 48/min. What should the nurse do next?

A client is prescribed a thiazide diuretic for the management of hypertension. The nurse plans to assess the client for allergy to?

The greatest contributing factor that can lead to many diseases is what?

Match the following drug classification with the appropriate drug,

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