Up to one-third of patients who take ACE inhibitors for hypertension report which symptom after beginning therapy?
Decreased white blood cells.
Swelling of the face and lips.
Chronic cough.
Renal failure.
The Correct Answer is C
ACE inhibitors are a type of medication used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. They work by blocking the production of a hormone called angiotensin II, which narrows the blood vessels and increases blood pressure. By preventing this hormone from acting, ACE inhibitors lower blood pressure and reduce the workload on the heart. One of the most common side effects of ACE inhibitors is a dry cough, which occurs in 12–19% of people who take them. The cough is caused by the accumulation of a substance called bradykinin, which is normally broken down by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). When ACE is inhibited, bradykinin levels increase and cause irritation and inflammation in the airways.
Choice A is wrong because decreased white blood cells are not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
However, some people may develop a condition called neutropenia, which is a low level of a type of white blood cell called neutrophils. This can increase the risk of infections and may require stopping the medication.
Choice B is wrong because swelling of the face and lips is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
However, some people may develop a rare but serious allergic reaction called angioedema, which is a swelling of the deeper layers of the skin and mucous membranes.
This can affect the face, lips, tongue, throat, or other parts of the body and can cause difficulty breathing or swallowing. Angioedema can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical attention.
Choice D is wrong because renal failure is not a common side effect of ACE inhibitors.
However, some people may experience a decrease in kidney function or an increase in blood levels of creatinine, which is a waste product filtered by the kidneys.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Hypokalemia is a condition where the blood potassium level is too low, which can cause muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and other problems. Diuretics are drugs that increase urine output and help remove excess fluid from the body. Some diuretics, such as loop diuretics, also cause potassium loss in the urine.To prevent hypokalemia, a combination of diuretics may be prescribed, such as a loop diuretic with a potassium-sparing diuretic or a thiazide diuretic. These combinations help balance the potassium level while still removing sodium and water.
Choice A is wrong because they are not a part of the initial diuretic therapy.Combination diuretic therapy is usually reserved for patients who have resistant edema or hypertension that does not respond to monotherapy.
Choice C is wrong because they do not boost the blood-pressure-lowering effect of other medications.Diuretics can lower blood pressure by reducing blood volume and relaxing blood vessels, but they are not used to enhance the effect of other antihypertensive drugs.
Choice D is wrong because they do not have fewer side effects when used in a drug combination.Combination diuretic therapy can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances, such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and metabolic alkalosis.It can also cause hypotension, dehydration, and worsening renal function.Therefore, combination diuretic therapy should be used with caution and close monitoring.
Normal ranges for blood potassium level are 3.5 to 5.0 mmol/L or 3.5 to 5.0 mEq/L.Normal ranges for blood sodium level are 135 to 145 mmol/L or 135 to 145 mEq/L.
Normal ranges for blood pressure are less than 120/80 mm Hg for normal, 120-129/less than 80 mm Hg for elevated, 130-139/80-89 mm Hg for stage 1 hypertension, and 140 or higher/90 or higher mm Hg for stage 2 hypertension.
Correct Answer is ["B"]
Explanation
This is a mnemonic to remember the common suffix of drugs that block the beta receptors in the heart and blood vessels, which can lower blood pressure, heart rate, and reduce chest pain. For example, metoprolol, atenolol, and propranolol are beta blockers.
Choice A is wrong because calcium channel blockers do not end in DIPINE.
Calcium channel blockers are drugs that block the entry of calcium into the cells of the heart and blood vessels, which can relax the blood vessels and lower blood pressure.
Some calcium channel blockers end in DIPINE, such as amlodipine and nifedipine, but not all of them.
For example, verapamil and diltiazem are also calcium channel blockers.
Choice C is wrong because ACE inhibitors do not end in ZoSIN.
ACE inhibitors are drugs that inhibit the enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which can lower blood pressure and prevent heart failure.
ACE inhibitors usually end in PRIL, such as lisinopril, enalapril, and captopril.
Choice D is wrong because angiotensin II receptor blockers do not end in STATIN.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers are drugs that block the action of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers usually end in SARTAN, such as losartan, valsartan, and irbesartan.
The normal range for blood pressure is less than 120/80 mmHg.
The normal range for heart rate is 60 to 100 beats per minute.
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