Cardiac monitoring is initiated for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse determines that this measure is important to identify:

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia.

The presence of hypovolemic shock related to osmotic diuresis.

Cardiovascular collapse resulting from the eﬀects of hyperglycemia.

Fluid overload resulting from aggressive ﬂuid replacement.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia are the main reasons for initiating cardiac monitoring in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. In diabetic ketoacidosis, insulin deficiency causes the body to break down fat for energy, leading to the production of ketones and resulting in metabolic acidosis. In addition, glucose and potassium are lost in the urine due to osmotic diuresis. Hypokalemia can cause ECG changes and dysrhythmias, which can be life-threatening.

Hypokalemia is a common complication of DKA and can lead to ECG changes such as ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, and U waves².

Hypovolemic shock related to osmotic diuresis is an important consideration in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis, but it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

Cardiovascular collapse resulting from the eﬀects of hyperglycemia is not a common complication of diabetic ketoacidosis, and it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

Fluid overload resulting from aggressive ﬂuid replacement is a potential complication of diabetic ketoacidosis, but it is not the primary reason for initiating cardiac monitoring.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from decreased insulin secretion and/or increased insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate for the increased demand, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up, and blood sugar levels rise.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, people with type 2 diabetes still produce insulin, but their body is not able to use it eﬀectively. Therefore, type 2 diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and/or medication, such as oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy.

A. Peppermint tea might be helpful in reducing your symptoms. B. You should avoid eating between meals to avoid acid secretion. C. You will need to keep the head of your bed elevated on blocks. D. Vigorous physical activities may increase the incidence of reﬂux.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When teaching a patient with newly diagnosed GERD, the nurse will include that they will need to keep the head of their bed elevated on blocks. This helps prevent stomach acid from ﬂowing back into the esophagus while sleeping.

Peppermint tea might not be helpful in reducing GERD symptoms as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and worsen reﬂux.

Eating between meals is not recommended as it can increase acid secretion. Vigorous physical activities may increase the incidence of reﬂux.

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Cardiac monitoring is initiated for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis. The nurse determines that this measure is important to identify:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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