A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl (3.5 mmol/L), phosphorus of 1.7 mg/dl (55 mmol/L), serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dl (194 mmol/L). and high urine calcium. While the patient awaits surgery, the nurse should:

institute seizure precautions such as padded side rails.

assist the patient to perform range-of-motion exercises QID.

encourage the patient to drink 4000 ml of ﬂuid daily.

monitor the patient for positive Chvostek’s or Trousseaus sign.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) which can lead to symptoms such as kidney stones, bone pain, and weakness. High urine calcium levels may also be present due to the increased calcium in the blood.

One important intervention for managing hypercalcemia is to encourage ﬂuid intake to promote increased urine output and prevent the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, the nurse should encourage the patient to drink at least 4000 ml of ﬂuids per day.

Seizure precautions (a), range-of-motion exercises (b), and monitoring for positive Chvostek’s or Trousseaus sign (d) are not directly related to managing hypercalcemia and are not necessary in this case.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The first step in the education plan should be to assess their understanding and perception of the disease. This will help the nurse to identify any misconceptions or knowledge gaps that the patient may have and tailor the education plan accordingly. Understanding the patient's perceptions will also help the nurse to establish a trusting relationship with the patient and increase their engagement in diabetes self-management.
Options b, c, and d are important components of the diabetes education plan, but they should be implemented after the initial assessment of the patient's perception and understanding of their diagnosis.

A. The patient is totally dependent on an outside source of insulin. B. The insulin precursor that is secreted by the pancreas is not activated by the liver. C. There is decreased insulin secretion and cellular resistance to insulin that is produced. D. The immune system destroys the pancreatic insulin-producing cells.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels resulting from decreased insulin secretion and/or increased insulin resistance. In type 2 diabetes, the body's cells become resistant to insulin, which is a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels by allowing glucose to enter cells for energy. As a result, the pancreas produces more insulin to compensate for the increased demand, but over time, the pancreas may not be able to keep up, and blood sugar levels rise.

Unlike type 1 diabetes, which is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, people with type 2 diabetes still produce insulin, but their body is not able to use it eﬀectively. Therefore, type 2 diabetes can be managed through lifestyle changes, such as diet and exercise, and/or medication, such as oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy.

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A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl (3.5 mmol/L), phosphorus of 1.7 mg/dl (55 mmol/L), serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dl (194 mmol/L). and high urine calcium. While the patient awaits surgery, the nurse should:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Mary, a 63-year-old patient is newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. When determining an education plan, the nurse’s first action should be to?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Mr. G was newly diagnosed with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, he asks the nurse what "type 2” means in relation to diabetes. The nurse to the patient that type 2 diabetes diﬀers from type 1 diabetes in that with type 2 diabetes:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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