A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl (3.5 mmol/L), phosphorus of 1.7 mg/dl (55 mmol/L), serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dl (194 mmol/L). and high urine calcium. While the patient awaits surgery, the nurse should:

institute seizure precautions such as padded side rails.

assist the patient to perform range-of-motion exercises QID.

encourage the patient to drink 4000 ml of ﬂuid daily.

monitor the patient for positive Chvostek’s or Trousseaus sign.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

The patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has high levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia) which can lead to symptoms such as kidney stones, bone pain, and weakness. High urine calcium levels may also be present due to the increased calcium in the blood.

One important intervention for managing hypercalcemia is to encourage ﬂuid intake to promote increased urine output and prevent the formation of kidney stones. Therefore, the nurse should encourage the patient to drink at least 4000 ml of ﬂuids per day.

Seizure precautions (a), range-of-motion exercises (b), and monitoring for positive Chvostek’s or Trousseaus sign (d) are not directly related to managing hypercalcemia and are not necessary in this case.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The operating room is a sterile environment, and it is critical to maintain a clean and controlled environment to reduce the risk of infection to the patient. The measures taken include maintaining positive air pressure, controlling temperature and humidity, filtering the air, using sterile surgical instruments, and limiting traffic in and out of the operating room. These measures help to prevent the spread of infectious agents that may be present in the operating room. While the other options (a, b, and d) may also be important considerations in the design of the operating room, preventing transmission of infection is the primary goal.

A. The onset of diabetes and the associated cardiovascular risks can be delayed or prevented by weight loss and exercise. B. Although the fasting plasma glucose levels do not currently indicate diabetes, the glycosylated hemoglobin will be elevated. C. The high insulin levels associated with this syndrome damage the lining of blood vessels leading to vascular disease. D. The liver is producing excessive glucose, which will eventually exhaust the ability of the pancreas to produce insulin, and exercise will normalize glucose production.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

This statement is correct. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is a condition in which the fasting blood glucose level is higher than normal but not high enough to be diagnosed as diabetes. However, people with IFG are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Weight loss and exercise can help to prevent or delay the onset of diabetes and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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A patient with primary hyperparathyroidism has a serum calcium level of 14 mg/dl (3.5 mmol/L), phosphorus of 1.7 mg/dl (55 mmol/L), serum creatinine of 2.2 mg/dl (194 mmol/L). and high urine calcium. While the patient awaits surgery, the nurse should:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The physical environment and traffic control measures of the operating room are designed primarily to:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A program of weight loss and exercise is recommended for a patient with impaired fasting glucose (IFG). When teaching the patient about the reason for these lifestyle changes, the nurse will tell the patient that:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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