CALCULATE FLOW RATES IN DROPS PER MINUTES: Order: Zosyn 1.3 g in 100 mL D5W IVPB 98h to infuse over 30 min. Drop factor: 60 gtt/mL. Determine rate in gtt/min.

A) Transdermal patch:
Transdermal patches are designed for slow, continuous delivery of medication through the skin over a long period of time, typically 24 hours. Although they provide steady medication levels, they do not offer a rapid onset of action. This route is more suitable for long-term control of conditions like angina but is not the fastest for immediate relief.

B) Topical ointment:
Topical ointments are applied to the skin and absorb slowly. While they may have local effects, they are not used for quick systemic effects. In the case of nitroglycerin, topical ointments are generally used for sustained release over several hours and are not intended for immediate relief of chest pain.

C) Suspended release:
Suspended release formulations are designed to release the drug slowly over time. Like transdermal patches, these formulations are meant for long-term management, not for rapid onset. A suspended release formulation of nitroglycerin would not provide the immediate relief that is typically needed in cases of acute angina or chest pain.

D) Sublingual:
The sublingual route provides the most rapid onset of action for nitroglycerin. When nitroglycerin is placed under the tongue, it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes of the mouth. This bypasses the digestive system and the liver (first-pass metabolism), allowing the drug to take effect quickly—usually within 1 to 3 minutes—making it ideal for acute relief of chest pain or angina. This route is commonly used for emergencies when rapid relief is needed.

Given:

Ordered volume of Isomil: 12 oz

Step 1: Determine the volume of Isomil needed for 1/4 strength:

Volume of Isomil for 1/4 strength = Original volume x (1/4)

Volume of Isomil for 1/4 strength = 12 oz x (1/4)

Volume of Isomil for 1/4 strength = 3 oz

Step 2: Calculate the volume of solvent (water) needed:

Solvent volume = Original volume - Volume of Isomil for 1/4 strength

Solvent volume = 12 oz - 3 oz

Solvent volume = 9 oz

Step 3: Convert ounces to milliliters:

1 oz = 29.5735 mL

Solvent volume (mL) = 9 oz x 29.5735 mL/oz

Solvent volume (mL) = 266.1615 mL

Step 4: Round to the nearest whole number:

Solvent volume (mL) ≈ 270 mL