Calculate the following dosage using ratio and proportions method. Round answers to the nearest tenth. Order: Tegretol 200 mg p.o.t.i.d.
Available

A) Distribution:. Distribution refers to the process by which a drug is transported throughout the body after it is absorbed into the bloodstream. It involves the movement of the drug to various tissues and organs, where it can exert its effects. Factors such as blood flow, tissue permeability, and protein binding affect distribution.

B) Metabolism:
Metabolism refers to the biochemical process by which the body breaks down drugs into metabolites, usually in the liver. Metabolism can transform drugs into more easily excreted forms and sometimes alters the drug’s activity. It is essential for drug clearance and can affect drug efficacy and toxicity.

C) Absorption:
Absorption is the first step in pharmacokinetics, where the drug enters the bloodstream after being administered. It occurs primarily in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract for oral medications but can also happen in other routes like subcutaneous or intramuscular injections. The rate and extent of absorption are influenced by factors such as drug formulation, route of administration, and presence of food.

D) Synthesis:
Synthesis refers to the process of creating substances, such as drugs or other compounds, typically within the body or in a laboratory setting. While drug synthesis is crucial in drug development, it is not a step involved in the movement or processing of drugs within the body (which is what pharmacokinetics describes). Pharmacokinetics focuses on how the body handles drugs, not how they are created.

A) Subcutaneous:
The subcutaneous route involves administering medication into the layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the skin. This method is used for drugs that require slower absorption, such as insulin or certain vaccines.

B) Intramuscular:
The intramuscular route involves injecting medication directly into a muscle. This allows for faster absorption compared to subcutaneous injections, making it ideal for drugs that need to be absorbed quickly, such as vaccines or certain antibiotics.

C) Via a nasogastric tube:
Administering drugs via a nasogastric tube is not considered a parenteral route. The nasogastric (NG) tube delivers medications directly into the stomach via the gastrointestinal tract, which is not part of the parenteral system. Parenteral routes are those that bypass the digestive system, like injections.

D) Intradermal:
The intradermal route involves injecting medication just under the skin, in the dermis. This is typically used for allergy testing or tuberculosis screenings. It is a parenteral route because it bypasses the digestive system.

E) Intravenous:
The intravenous route involves injecting medication directly into a vein, offering rapid absorption and fast onset of action. This method is ideal for critical or emergency situations where immediate medication effects are necessary.