(ATI/HESI question from external source) A nurse is caring for a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Which interventions should the nurse include in the care plan? (Select all that apply.)
Administer hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts.
Advise the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection.
Inform the patient about the availability and benefits of hepatitis D vaccine for prevention.
Educate the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load.
Disinfect contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave.
Correct Answer : A,B,D
Choice A rationale:
The administration of the hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) to exposed contacts is an appropriate intervention for suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is a defective virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B to replicate, so administering the hepatitis B vaccine can prevent hepatitis D infection in exposed contacts. HBIG contains antibodies against hepatitis B, which can provide temporary protection to exposed contacts.
Choice B rationale:
Advising the patient to avoid sexual contact or use condoms until cleared of infection is crucial in preventing the spread of hepatitis D. The virus can be transmitted through blood and sexual contact, so precautionary measures are essential.
Choice C rationale:
The availability and benefits of the hepatitis D vaccine for prevention should be communicated to the patient. Currently, there is no specific treatment for hepatitis D infection, and vaccination is the most effective preventive measure.
Choice D rationale:
Educating the patient about the need for regular monitoring of liver function and viral load is essential in managing hepatitis D. Hepatitis D can lead to severe liver complications, and monitoring liver function and viral load helps in evaluating disease progression and treatment effectiveness.
Choice E rationale:
Disinfecting contaminated surfaces or instruments with bleach or autoclave is not directly related to the care of a patient with suspected hepatitis D infection. Hepatitis D is primarily transmitted through blood and sexual contact, not through contaminated surfaces or instruments.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Leptospirosis is a non-viral cause of hepatitis. It is caused by the bacterium Leptospira and can lead to liver inflammation. Leptospirosis is typically contracted through exposure to contaminated water, soil, or urine of infected animals.
Choice B rationale:
Malaria is not a cause of hepatitis. Malaria is a parasitic infection transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes and does not directly affect the liver in the way hepatitis does.
Choice C rationale:
Acetaminophen is a non-viral cause of hepatitis when taken in excessive amounts or in cases of overdose. Acetaminophen toxicity can lead to acute liver failure and hepatitis-like symptoms.
Choice D rationale:
Autoimmune hepatitis is a non-viral cause of hepatitis. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the liver, leading to inflammation and liver damage. The exact cause of autoimmune hepatitis is not well understood.
Choice E rationale:
Hepatitis B is a viral cause of hepatitis and is not a non-viral cause. It is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is transmitted through exposure to infected blood, sexual contact, or perinatal transmission from mother to child.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale:
Monitoring vital signs and mental status is crucial in patients with suspected hepatitis as they may develop complications such as hepatic encephalopathy, which can lead to changes in mental status.
Choice B rationale:
Administering prescribed medications and fluids is important to support the patient's liver function and manage symptoms of hepatitis. Antiviral medications may be used to treat certain types of viral hepatitis.
Choice C rationale:
Educating the patient about hepatitis vaccines is not applicable in a patient with suspected hepatitis since vaccines are used for prevention and are not effective in treating an ongoing infection.
Choice D rationale:
Encouraging the patient to engage in high-impact exercise is not recommended in patients with suspected hepatitis, as strenuous physical activity may worsen hepatic injury or lead to complications.
Choice E rationale:
Implementing infection control measures to prevent transmission is crucial in suspected hepatitis cases, as the disease can spread through contact with contaminated blood or body fluids. Standard precautions should be followed to prevent healthcare-associated infections and protect others from contracting the virus.
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