An older client with osteoarthritis reports increasing pain and stiffness in the right knee and asks how to reduce these symptoms. In responding to the client, the nurse recognizes what pathology as the cause of the symptoms?

Destruction of joint cartilage.

Systemic inflammatory response.

Loss of bone mineral density.

Infectious process in the synovial fluid.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Rationale

A. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the gradual destruction of joint cartilage. Cartilage serves as a cushion between the bones in a joint, and its deterioration leads to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint function. As the cartilage wears away, bones may rub directly against each other, causing further pain and damage.

B. Osteoarthritis is primarily a degenerative condition rather than an inflammatory one. While mild inflammation can occur in OA, it is not as prominent as in autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis. In OA, inflammation is secondary to cartilage damage rather than a primary driver of the disease process.

C. Loss of bone mineral density is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition where bones become weak and brittle. Osteoporosis involves a decrease in bone mass throughout the skeleton, whereas osteoarthritis specifically targets the joints and affects cartilage rather than bone density.

D. An infectious process in the synovial fluid could indicate septic arthritis, which is characterized by infection in the joint space. This is typically associated with acute symptoms such as severe joint pain, swelling, warmth, and fever.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Rationale

A. Using water with 5% dextrose (DW) is appropriate for irrigating certain types of catheters, especially those that require a non-saline solution to maintain patency. However, the choice of irrigation solution should be based on the specific type of catheter and the facility's policies. It does not directly address the immediate issue of the luer-lock syringe.

B. Sending someone else to gather equipment may be necessary in some situations but does not address the current issue of the nurse preparing to irrigate with a luer-lock tipped syringe. This option delays addressing the immediate concern.

C. Applying povidone (such as povidone-iodine solution) to the site is a step in the preparation for aseptic technique but does not address the specific issue of the syringe type or the irrigation process itself.

D. Luer-lock syringes are commonly used for irrigation purposes because they securely attach to irrigation ports, preventing accidental disconnection during the procedure. Directing the nurse to attach the luer-lock syringe ensures that the irrigation can be performed safely and effectively.

A. Observe for signs of depression. B. Apply sequential compression stockings. C. Provide a wide variety of meal choices. D. Monitor for urinary incontinence.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale

A. This intervention is crucial because bariatric surgery can have significant psychological impacts. Many individuals who undergo such procedures may experience changes in mood, body image issues, and emotional challenges. However, it is not a priority

B. Sequential compression stockings are used to prevent deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and promote circulation in clients undergoing surgery, particularly those with obesity who are at higher risk for venous thromboembolism. This intervention is important to prevent serious complications associated with immobility and surgery.

C. This option is not appropriate immediately after gastroplasty. Bariatric surgery, such as gastroplasty, typically involves restrictive procedures that limit the amount of food a person can consume. Providing a wide variety of meal choices contradicts the dietary restrictions and guidelines that are crucial for successful outcomes post-surgery.

D. While urinary incontinence can be a concern in some individuals, it is not directly related to bariatric surgery or the client's primary health concerns of obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Monitoring for urinary incontinence may be important in other clinical contexts but is not a priority in the immediate postoperative period of gastroplasty.

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An older client with osteoarthritis reports increasing pain and stiffness in the right knee and asks how to reduce these symptoms. In responding to the client, the nurse recognizes what pathology as the cause of the symptoms?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The charge nurse observes a new nurse preparing to irrigate an intravenous catheter. The new nurse brought a luer-lock tipped syringe. Which action should the charge nurse take?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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