An nurse is counseling a new mother about the immunologic properties of breast milk. The nurse emphasizes that breast milk is the main source of which specific immunoglobulin?
Select one:

IgG.

IgE.

IgA.

IgM.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason: IgG. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not abundant in breast milk. IgG is a type of antibody that provides systemic immunity against various antigens. IgG is found in low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not cross the mammary epithelium easily. IgG can protect the infant from some infections, but it is mainly transferred from the mother to the fetus through the placenta during pregnancy.

Choice B Reason: IgE. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not relevant to breast milk. IgE is a type of antibody that mediates allergic reactions and parasitic infections. IgE is found in very low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not have a significant role in mucosal immunity. IgE can trigger mast cells and basophils to release histamine and other inﬂammatory mediators, which can cause symptoms such as itching, swelling, or bronchoconstriction.

Choice C Reason: IgA. This is because IgA is a type of antibody that protects mucosal surfaces from pathogens and toxins. IgA is found in high concentrations in breast milk, especially in colostrum (the first milk produced after delivery). IgA can bind to bacteria and viruses in the infant's gastrointestinal tract and prevent them from ataching to the intestinal wall or crossing into the bloodstream. IgA can also enhance the infant's immune system by stimulating lymphoid tissue development and modulating inﬂammatory responses.

Choice D Reason: IgM. This is an incorrect answer that refers to a diﬀerent type of antibody that is not abundant in breast milk. IgM is a type of antibody that activates complement system and agglutinates antigens. IgM is found in low concentrations in breast milk, as it does not cross the mammary epithelium easily due to its large size. IgM can protect the infant from some infections, but it is mainly produced by the infant's own immune system in response to exposure to antigens.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Grunting and nasal ﬂaring. These are signs of respiratory distress in newborns, which indicate that their oxygenation needs are not being met. Grunting and nasal ﬂaring. This is because grunting and nasal ﬂaring are signs of respiratory distress in newborns, which indicate inadequate oxygenation and ventilation. Grunting is a noise made by the newborn when exhaling, which reﬂects an atempt to keep the alveoli open and increase lung volume.

Nasal ﬂaring is a widening of the nostrils when inhaling, which reﬂects an eﬀort to reduce airway resistance and increase airﬂow.

Choice B Reason: Acrocyanosis. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a common condition called acrocyanosis. Acrocyanosis means bluish discoloration of the hands and feet due to poor peripheral circulation in response to cold exposure or stress. It does not aﬀect oxygenation or ventilation and usually disappears within 24 to 48 hours after birth.

Choice C Reason: Abdominal breathing. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a normal patern of breathing for them. Abdominal breathing means that the newborn's abdomen rises and falls with each breath, which reﬂects the use of the diaphragm as the primary respiratory muscle.

Choice D Reason: Respiratory rate of 54 breaths/minute. This is not a sign of respiratory distress in newborns, but rather a normal range of respiratory rate for them. A normal respiratory rate for a newborn ranges from 40 to 60 breaths per minute.

A. Milia. B. Dermal melanosis. C. Stork bites. D. Birth trauma.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A Reason: Milia. This is an incorrect answer that describes a diﬀerent skin condition. Milia are tiny white or yellow cysts that appear on the nose, chin, or cheeks of newborns. They are caused by the retention of keratin in the sebaceous glands or hair follicles. They usually disappear within a few weeks without treatment.

Choice B Reason: Dermal melanosis. This is a correct answer that explains the finding of bluish markings across the newborn's lower back. Dermal melanosis. This is because dermal melanosis, also known as Mongolian spots, is a common benign skin condition that aﬀects newborns of Asian, African, or Hispanic descent. It is characterized by bluish-gray or brown patches of pigmentation on the lower back, butocks, or extremities. It is caused by the migration of melanocytes from the neural crest to the dermis during embryonic development. It usually fades by 2 to 4 years of age.

Choice C Reason: Stork bites. This is an incorrect answer that refers to another skin condition. Stork bites, also known as salmon patches or nevus simplex, are ﬂat pink or red marks that appear on the forehead, eyelids, nose, upper lip, or nape of the neck of newborns. They are caused by dilated capillaries in the superficial dermis. They usually fade by 18 months of age.

Choice D Reason: Birth trauma. This is an incorrect answer that implies an injury or damage to the newborn's skin or tissues during labor and delivery. Birth trauma can cause bruises, abrasions, lacerations, fractures, or nerve injuries. It is not related to bluish markings on the lower back.

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An nurse is counseling a new mother about the immunologic properties of breast milk. The nurse emphasizes that breast milk is the main source of which specific immunoglobulin? Select one:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse assesses a 1-day-old newborn. Which finding indicates that the newborn's oxygenation needs are not being met? Select one:

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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An nurse is counseling a new mother about the immunologic properties of breast milk. The nurse emphasizes that breast milk is the main source of which specific immunoglobulin? Select one:

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An nurse is counseling a new mother about the immunologic properties of breast milk. The nurse emphasizes that breast milk is the main source of which specific immunoglobulin?
Select one: