An 8-year-old boy and his father visit the pediatrician's office with reports of a sudden onset of abdominal pain and reddish-brown urine. A urinalysis shows 4+ protein. On taking the boy's health history, the nurse learns that he had strep throat a little over a week ago. Assessment findings: Temp 100.6F, RR-22. HR-105, BP= 130/89 Which condition should the nurse suspect?

Acute glomerulonephritis

Renal agenesis

Nephrotic syndrome

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Acute glomerulonephritis is characterized by the sudden onset of hematuria (reddish-brown urine), proteinuria (4+ protein), and a recent history of streptococcal infection, making it the most likely diagnosis.

B. Renal agenesis is a congenital condition and would not present suddenly with abdominal pain and hematuria.

C. Nephrotic syndrome typically presents with significant proteinuria, but the acute onset of symptoms and recent strep throat history point more toward glomerulonephritis.

D. Polycystic kidney disease usually presents with abdominal or flank pain, hypertension, and hematuria over a more chronic course, not typically after an acute infection.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. While clear chicken broth can provide some hydration, it does not contain the necessary electrolytes to replace losses effectively.

B. Initiating oral rehydration therapy is critical for managing dehydration due to diarrhea and is the best approach for a child in this situation.

C. Starting a hypertonic solution is inappropriate and could lead to further dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.

D. Keeping the child NPO is not necessary; it is more important to maintain hydration and possibly offer oral rehydration solutions.

A. I will remind my child to wash their hands well and frequently B. I will remind my child not to touch their face while the rash is present C. I will give my child a separate towel from other family members D. I will fill a prescription for antiviral ointment to apply to the rash

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Encouraging handwashing is important to prevent spreading infection and shows understanding of hygiene practices.

B. Advising the child not to touch their face is important to prevent secondary infections and spread of the rash.

C. Providing a separate towel helps prevent the spread of infection, demonstrating good understanding of precautions.

D. Filling a prescription for antiviral ointment is inappropriate in this case; the honey-crusted plaques suggest impetigo, which is typically treated with topical or oral antibiotics, not antiviral ointment.

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Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a year old child who has had watery diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A 6 year old child presents to the pediatric clinic with vesicular rash and honey crusted plaques around the nose and mouth. Which of the following statements by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

In caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome, which intervention will be most important to be included in the child's plan of care?

The nurse is reviewing management of pediculosis capitis with the parents of school age children during a presentation in addition to medicated shampoo or cream rinse, the treatment for head lice may also include which of the following?

A nurse is reviewing the discharge plan with the family of an 8 year child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who is receiving chemotherapy through a central venous access device. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?

A parent calls a clinic and reports to a nurse that his 2-month-old infant is hungry more than usual but is having projectile vomiting immediately after eating Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

A nurse is assessing a child who is in sickle cell crisis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Which cause of pediatric enuresis must be ruled out before psychological causes are investigated? Select all that apply.

A nurse is caring for a 4-month-old infant who is one day postoperative following surgical repair of a cleft lip. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Select all that apply

The nurse is reviewing appropriate nutritional options for a child who is receiving chemotherapy and has been prescribed a neutropenic diet. The nurse would recommend which of the following options