Although the signs and symptoms of both infection and inflammation include erythema, edema, and pain, the major difference is that inflammation:

is a protective response

is a disease process

produces tissue damage

is a result of bacteria

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Is a protective response – Inflammation is a natural immune response that helps contain injury and promote healing, regardless of infection.

B. Is a disease process – Inflammation itself is not a disease; it is a response to injury, infection, or irritation.

C. Produces tissue damage – While excessive or chronic inflammation can cause tissue damage, inflammation itself is not inherently destructive.

D. Is a result of bacteria – Inflammation can be caused by bacteria, viruses, trauma, or autoimmune conditions, not just bacterial infection.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Bruits – Bruits are vascular sounds caused by turbulent blood flow, typically heard over arteries.

B. Crackles – Crackles (rales) are discontinuous, crackling breath sounds caused by fluid in the alveoli, often heard in pneumonia or heart failure.

C. Wheezing – Wheezing is a high-pitched, whistling sound heard during breathing, usually caused by narrowed airways due to asthma, bronchitis, or allergic reactions.

D. Turgor – Turgor refers to skin elasticity and is used to assess hydration status, not lung sounds.

A. functional disease B. chronic disease C. acute disease D. contagious disease

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Functional disease – A functional disease refers to a condition where symptoms occur without an identifiable structural or biochemical cause, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

B. Chronic disease – Diabetes mellitus is a lifelong condition requiring ongoing management through diet, medication, and lifestyle modifications.

C. Acute disease – Acute diseases have a sudden onset and short duration, such as influenza or appendicitis, unlike diabetes, which persists over time.

D. Contagious disease – Diabetes is not caused by infectious agents and cannot be transmitted from person to person.

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Although the signs and symptoms of both infection and inflammation include erythema, edema, and pain, the major difference is that inflammation:

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Adventitious breath sounds that have a whistling or sighing sound due to narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passage are termed:

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

When the patient asked the nurse how long it would take to "get over" the diabetes, the nurse explained that she will have this disease throughout her life. Diabetes mellitus is considered a/an:

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Fluid, cells or other substances that have been slowly discharged from body cells or blood vessels, through small pores or breaks in the cell membrane are called:

The profuse secretion of sweat associated with an elevated body temperature, certain disease conditions, physical exertion, exposure to heat and mental or emotional stress is termed:

An abnormally slow heart rate, below 60 beats per minute is called:

The main reason that auscultation precedes palpation of the abdomen is to:

Febrile is an abnormal elevation of:

Discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membranes caused by extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissue is termed:

The patient has been found to have edema of the lower extremities. The nurse is assessing whether or not it is pitting and to what degree. After pressing the skin against a bony prominence for 5 seconds, the nurse identifies 4+ pitting edema because the rebound time is:

While conducting an assessment of the patient, the nurse recognizes that after verifying biographical data, the initial step is: