ABGs are drawn on a patient. The results are: pH = 7.30. PCO2 = 50, PO2 = 80. HCO3 = 25. What mechanism might cause this disturbance?

Bleeding in the brain.

Anxiety.

Kidney failure.

Extreme vomiting.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Bleeding in the brain could cause neurological symptoms but does not directly correlate with the respiratory acidosis indicated by the ABGs.

B. Anxiety typically leads to respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation, which does not align with the results showing acidemia.

C. The ABG results indicate a primary respiratory acidosis (low pH and elevated PCO2), which can occur in kidney failure due to the kidneys' inability to excrete acids and manage bicarbonate, leading to an accumulation of CO2.

D. Extreme vomiting is associated with metabolic alkalosis due to loss of gastric acid, which does not explain the acid-base disturbance presented.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Plaque rupture in coronary artery disease can expose the underlying tissue, leading to activation of the clotting cascade and thrombus formation. This can cause sudden worsening of symptoms due to reduced or obstructed blood flow in the coronary artery.

B. Arteriogenesis refers to the development of collateral arteries over time, which is a slow, compensatory process rather than an acute event leading to worsening symptoms.

C. Coronary veins are not typically obstructed in CAD; instead, coronary arteries are affected, leading to reduced oxygen supply to the myocardium.

D. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are known as "good cholesterol" and help clear arterial plaques, so they do not contribute to arterial rupture.

A. thickening of the bronchial walls, large amount of thick secretions, entrapped air. B. chronic inflammation, thin secretions, and chronic infection. C. chronic inflammation and decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane. D. respiratory alkalosis, decreased PCO2, and increased PO2.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Chronic bronchitis leads to airway obstruction due to thickened bronchial walls and excess mucus production, resulting in entrapped air and impaired gas exchange.

B. While chronic inflammation is a component, thin secretions are not characteristic of chronic bronchitis; they are typically thick.

C. Decreased surface area of the alveolocapillary membrane is more relevant in emphysema, not specifically in chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways.

D. Respiratory alkalosis and decreased PCO2 are not indicative of chronic bronchitis; instead, respiratory acidosis is often seen due to airway obstruction and retention of CO2.

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ABGs are drawn on a patient. The results are: pH = 7.30. PCO2 = 50, PO2 = 80. HCO3 = 25. What mechanism might cause this disturbance?

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