A psychiatric nurse is caring for several clients with personality disorders. The nurse understands that the DSM-5 groups these disorders into clusters based on characteristic behaviors. Which of the following client presentations is most consistent with a Cluster A personality disorder?
A 28-year-old client who exhibits odd beliefs, magical thinking, social anxiety, and eccentric behavior.
A 34-year-old client who is dramatic, attention-seeking, and frequently exaggerates emotions in social situations.
A 45-year-old client who avoids close relationships due to fear of criticism and feelings of inadequacy, yet desires connection.
A 39-year-old client who is arrogant, lacks empathy, and shows a strong sense of entitlement in interactions with staff.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: Odd beliefs, magical thinking, social anxiety, and eccentric behaviors are characteristic of schizotypal personality disorder, which belongs to Cluster A (odd and eccentric disorders).
Choice B reason: Dramatic, exaggerated emotional expression and attention-seeking behavior reflect histrionic personality disorder, which is classified under Cluster B (dramatic, emotional, or erratic disorders).
Choice C reason: Avoidance of relationships due to fear of rejection and inadequacy, despite desiring connection, is typical of avoidant personality disorder, which falls under Cluster C (anxious or fearful disorders).
Choice D reason: Arrogance, lack of empathy, and entitlement describe narcissistic personality disorder, which is in Cluster B.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Classical conditioning is associated with behavioral theory, particularly the work of Pavlov, and is not central to Rogers’ humanistic approach.
Choice B reason: Changing distorted thought patterns reflects cognitive-behavioral therapy, which differs from Rogers’ emphasis on humanistic principles.
Choice C reason: Psychoanalysis focuses on unconscious drives and conflicts, a concept developed by Freud, not Carl Rogers.
Choice D reason: Rogers highlighted unconditional positive regard, empathy, and the belief in a client’s potential for growth as essential to therapeutic relationships, forming the foundation of his humanistic approach.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.
Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.
Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.
Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.
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