A nurse is caring for a child whose guardians report that the child is consistently unable to speak during class and other social situations. The nurse should identify that the child is experiencing which of the following anxiety disorders?
Separation anxiety disorder.
Agoraphobia.
Generalized anxiety disorder.
Selective mutism.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A reason: Separation anxiety disorder involves excessive distress when separated from caregivers, but the key feature here is lack of speech in specific settings.
Choice B reason: Agoraphobia is the fear of being in situations where escape may be difficult, not selective inability to speak.
Choice C reason: Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive worry in many areas of life, not persistent mutism in social contexts.
Choice D reason: Selective mutism is an anxiety disorder where a child consistently fails to speak in certain settings, like school, despite being able to speak in others, making this the correct diagnosis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.
Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.
Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.
Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Long-term memory and emotional responses are primarily associated with the limbic system, particularly the hippocampus and amygdala, not the hypothalamus.
Choice B reason: Voluntary muscle control and reflexes are coordinated by the motor cortex and spinal cord, not the hypothalamus.
Choice C reason: Processing sensory input and initiating motor responses are functions of the thalamus and cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus is not directly responsible for this role.
Choice D reason: The hypothalamus regulates homeostasis, including body temperature, thirst, fluid balance, circadian rhythms, and hormone release. A tumor compressing this area explains the patient’s symptoms.
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