A nurse observes a hospitalized client grabbing snacks from other patients' trays, despite being told not to. When confronted, the client says, "I was hungry, so I took it." Based on Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which part of the personality is most likely influencing the client's behavior?
Id
Ego
Superego
Conscious mind
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason: The id represents instinctual drives and seeks immediate gratification without considering consequences or rules. The client’s impulsive action of taking food despite prohibitions reflects id dominance.
Choice B reason: The ego mediates between the id and reality, considering consequences before acting. If the ego were driving the behavior, the client would have sought food in a more socially acceptable way.
Choice C reason: The superego governs moral standards and conscience. If this were guiding behavior, the client would have restrained themselves from taking others’ food.
Choice D reason: The conscious mind represents awareness of current thoughts and actions, not instinctual drives. The described behavior is better explained by the unconscious id.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Calorie restriction during pregnancy is not a recommended preventive measure and may actually harm fetal development by causing malnutrition.
Choice B reason: Maternal viral infections during pregnancy, such as influenza, have been associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring. Preventing infections through vaccination, hygiene, and avoiding exposure is a protective measure.
Choice C reason: Iron deficiency should be prevented, not encouraged, since adequate maternal nutrition supports healthy fetal brain development. Limiting iron intake would not reduce schizophrenia risk and could increase complications.
Choice D reason: While teenage pregnancy carries social and medical risks, it is not directly linked to increasing schizophrenia risk in offspring compared to maternal infections during pregnancy.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Focusing only on medications neglects the interpersonal development central to Peplau’s model. The orientation phase emphasizes relationship building, not task-centered care.
Choice B reason: Allowing expression without structure or guidance does not fulfill the orientation phase, which requires the nurse to actively build trust and clarify roles.
Choice C reason: Excessive distance prevents rapport, which is essential in the orientation phase where the foundation for a therapeutic relationship must be established.
Choice D reason: Establishing trust, being consistent, and clarifying client expectations define the orientation phase of Peplau’s theory. This phase sets the groundwork for collaboration and progress in treatment.
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