A client receiving a first-generation antipsychotic develops symptoms of acute dystonia, including muscle spasms and neck stiffness. Which type of medication should the nurse anticipate administering to manage these side effects?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Beta-blockers
Diphenhydramine
Benzodiazepines
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: SSRIs are antidepressants used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. They do not address extrapyramidal side effects like acute dystonia, so they would not be useful in this case.
Choice B reason: Beta-blockers are primarily used for cardiovascular conditions and akathisia (a sense of restlessness), but they are not the treatment of choice for acute dystonia.
Choice C reason: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with strong anticholinergic properties, is effective in treating acute dystonia by restoring the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. This makes it the correct choice for managing the client’s symptoms.
Choice D reason: Benzodiazepines may help with agitation or anxiety, but they are not first-line treatment for acute dystonic reactions caused by antipsychotic medications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The superego internalizes societal and parental standards of right and wrong. It guides moral development and can produce guilt when standards are violated or pride when they are upheld.
Choice B reason: The pleasure principle refers to the id, which seeks immediate gratification of desires without considering consequences. This does not describe the superego.
Choice C reason: The ego, not the superego, mediates between the id, superego, and external reality. It works on the reality principle to balance impulses with acceptable behavior.
Choice D reason: Defense mechanisms are managed by the ego, not the superego. They protect against anxiety but are not the superego’s primary function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason: The nurse’s role is to advocate for the client by collaborating with the healthcare team and ensuring the guardian respects the client’s best interests and personal preferences. This balances autonomy and protection.
Choice B reason: While explaining changes in decision-making is part of education, focusing only on the loss of control without emphasizing advocacy may increase fear and distress.
Choice C reason: Avoiding communication violates therapeutic principles and disregards the client’s dignity. Even if incapable of informed consent, clients should remain included in discussions.
Choice D reason: Treatment cannot proceed without proper consent unless there is an emergency. Acting before guardianship is finalized would violate legal and ethical standards.
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