A client receiving a first-generation antipsychotic develops symptoms of acute dystonia, including muscle spasms and neck stiffness. Which type of medication should the nurse anticipate administering to manage these side effects?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Beta-blockers
Diphenhydramine
Benzodiazepines
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason: SSRIs are antidepressants used to treat depression and anxiety disorders. They do not address extrapyramidal side effects like acute dystonia, so they would not be useful in this case.
Choice B reason: Beta-blockers are primarily used for cardiovascular conditions and akathisia (a sense of restlessness), but they are not the treatment of choice for acute dystonia.
Choice C reason: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with strong anticholinergic properties, is effective in treating acute dystonia by restoring the balance between dopamine and acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. This makes it the correct choice for managing the client’s symptoms.
Choice D reason: Benzodiazepines may help with agitation or anxiety, but they are not first-line treatment for acute dystonic reactions caused by antipsychotic medications.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Schizotypal disorder is characterized by eccentric behaviors, odd beliefs, and perceptual distortions. While social difficulties are common, the primary feature is not a lack of interest in relationships but unusual thought patterns and behaviors.
Choice B reason: Paranoid personality disorder involves pervasive distrust and suspicion of others. Clients often avoid relationships due to fear of being exploited, not because of a lack of interest in intimacy.
Choice C reason: Antisocial personality disorder is defined by disregard for others’ rights, impulsivity, and rule-breaking behaviors, not by withdrawal from sexual or social relationships.
Choice D reason: Schizoid disorder is marked by detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression, including little to no interest in sexual activity or partnerships, making this the best match.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Focusing only on medications neglects the interpersonal development central to Peplau’s model. The orientation phase emphasizes relationship building, not task-centered care.
Choice B reason: Allowing expression without structure or guidance does not fulfill the orientation phase, which requires the nurse to actively build trust and clarify roles.
Choice C reason: Excessive distance prevents rapport, which is essential in the orientation phase where the foundation for a therapeutic relationship must be established.
Choice D reason: Establishing trust, being consistent, and clarifying client expectations define the orientation phase of Peplau’s theory. This phase sets the groundwork for collaboration and progress in treatment.
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