A patient who is 17 weeks pregnant shares several pieces of information with the nurse.
Which statement made by the patient would indicate the patient is at risk for having an infant with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)?

“I weighed less than 5 lb (2,268 gm) at birth.”.

“I had an ectopic pregnancy one year ago.”.

“I have a mitral valve prolapse.”.

“My husband, the infant’s father, is 42 years old.”.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

The correct answer is choice A. A patient who weighed less than 5 lb (2,268 gm) at birth is at risk for having an infant with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). This is because low birth weight is a possible indicator of genetic factors or placental insufficiency that can affect fetal growth.

Choice B is wrong because an ectopic pregnancy one year ago does not increase the risk of IUGR.An ectopic pregnancy is when the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. It does not affect the placental function or fetal development in a subsequent pregnancy.

Choice C is wrong because a mitral valve prolapse does not increase the risk of IUGR.

A mitral valve prolapse is when the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart does not close properly. It usually does not cause any symptoms or complications during pregnancy, unless it is associated with severe regurgitation or arrhythmias.

Choice D is wrong because the father’s age of 42 years old does not increase the risk of IUGR. The father’s age may affect the risk of chromosomal abnormalities or congenital anomalies in the fetus, but not the fetal growth.

Some of the other risk factors for IUGR include maternal smoking, alcohol, or drug use, medical conditions like anemia or lupus, infections such as rubella or syphilis, carrying twins or multiples, high blood pressure, gestational diabetes, and placenta problems.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is choice B. Position the patient in a left lateral position.This is because late fetal decelerations indicate uteroplacental insufficiency, which means that the placenta is not delivering enough oxygen to the fetus.By positioning the patient on her left side, the blood flow to the placenta and the fetus is improved.

Choice A is wrong because notifying the health care provider is not the first action that the nurse should take.The nurse should first intervene to correct the cause of fetal distress and then inform the provider.

Choice C is wrong because increasing the patient’s intravenous rate may not help with uteroplacental insufficiency.It may also cause fluid overload or pulmonary edema in the patient.

Choice D is wrong because providing the patient with oxygen via a face mask is not the most effective way to increase fetal oxygenation.Oxygen therapy may be used as an adjunct to other interventions, but it is not sufficient by itself.

A. Insulin amount needs will remain stable during the third trimester. B. Insulin amount needs will continue to increase throughout the second and third trimesters. C. Insulin amount needs will decrease during the third trimester. D. Insulin amount needs will remain stable for the rest of the second and during the third trimesters.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The correct answer is choice B. Insulin amount needs will continue to increase throughout the second and third trimesters.This is because gestational diabetes is a form of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, usually during the 2nd or 3rd trimester.It is caused by hormonal changes that interfere with the action of insulin, leading to high blood sugar levels.As the pregnancy progresses, the placenta produces more hormones that increase insulin resistance, so the mother needs more insulin to keep her blood sugar within normal range.

Choice A is wrong because insulin amount needs will not remain stable during the third trimester.They will increase as the placenta grows and produces more hormones that cause insulin resistance.

Choice C is wrong because insulin amount needs will not decrease during the third trimester.They will increase as the placenta grows and produces more hormones that cause insulin resistance.

Choice D is wrong because insulin amount needs will not remain stable for the rest of the second and during the third trimesters.They will increase as the pregnancy progresses and the placenta produces more hormones that increase insulin resistance.

Normal ranges for blood sugar during pregnancy are: fasting < 95 mg/dL, 1 hour after meal < 140 mg/dL, 2 hours after meal < 120 mg/dL.

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A patient who is 17 weeks pregnant shares several pieces of information with the nurse. Which statement made by the patient would indicate the patient is at risk for having an infant with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)?

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A patient who is 17 weeks pregnant shares several pieces of information with the nurse.
Which statement made by the patient would indicate the patient is at risk for having an infant with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)?