A patient is beginning treatment for pain with a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) unit.
The nurse will initially:.

Choice A rationale:

NREM (Non-Rapid Eye Movement) sleep is characterized by slow-wave sleep and is often considered restorative. It is the stage of sleep where the body repairs and regenerates tissues, and it is essential for feeling rested and rejuvenated. NREM sleep consists of three stages, with stages 3 and 4 being the deepest and most restful, also known as slow-wave sleep. These stages are essential for physical recovery.

Choice B rationale:

NREM sleep is not characterized by irregular respirations. Irregular breathing patterns are more commonly associated with certain sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, rather than NREM sleep itself.

Choice C rationale:

NREM sleep is not characterized by increased heart rate. In fact, during NREM sleep, the body typically experiences a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. The body's physiological functions tend to slow down during NREM sleep to promote rest and recovery.

Choice D rationale:

NREM sleep is not characterized by daytime activity. In contrast, NREM sleep occurs during the night and is a state of deep rest, during which the body is not engaged in daytime activities. It is essential for physical and mental recovery, especially after a day of activity.

Choice A rationale:
Perception is one of the phases of nociceptive pain. It involves the awareness of pain, where the brain recognizes and interprets the pain signals. During this phase, the individual becomes conscious of the painful sensation.
Choice B rationale:
Transmission is another phase of nociceptive pain. It involves the propagation of pain signals from the site of injury or damage to the central nervous system. Nerve fibers carry the pain signals to the spinal cord and brain for processing.
Choice D rationale:
Modulation is also a phase of nociceptive pain. It refers to the body's ability to modify or regulate the pain signals. This can involve the release of endorphins or other natural pain-relieving substances that help dampen the pain perception.
Choice E rationale:
Transduction is the last phase of nociceptive pain. It is the process where the noxious stimulus (injury or damage) is converted into electrical nerve signals that the body can understand. This conversion allows the pain signal to travel through the nervous system.
Choice C rationale:
Translation is not typically considered one of the phases of nociceptive pain. While translation may refer to the process of converting one form of information to another, it is not a recognized phase in the context of pain perception.