A nurse is assessing the status of a patient who is sleeping.
Which assessment data indicate that the patient is most likely in stage 3 of non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep?

There are three types of sleep apnea: obstructive, central, and mixed complex. Obstructive apnea is the most common type. It is caused by the relaxation of the soft tissues, which allows partial to total obstruction of the airway. (True or False) = The correct answer is True.

Choice A rationale:

True. Obstructive sleep apnea is indeed the most common type. It occurs when the soft tissues in the throat and the muscles of the upper airway relax too much during sleep, leading to a partial or complete blockage of the airway. This obstruction results in the characteristic pauses in breathing that are a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea.

Choice B rationale:

False. Obstructive sleep apnea is not caused by the need for hypnotics or sleep-inducing medications. It is a physiological condition related to airway obstruction during sleep and not a result of poor sleep hygiene or a lack of medication.

Choice C rationale:

False. While it's true that older adults may have changes in their sleep patterns, this doesn't mean they require 10 hours of sleep a day to prevent fatigue. Sleep needs can vary among individuals, and older adults often experience more fragmented sleep and may nap during the day, but the requirement for 10 hours of sleep a day is not a general rule.

Choice D rationale:

False. Older adults may nap more during the day due to changes in their sleep patterns, but it doesn't necessarily mean they need to nap less to sleep better at night. The sleep-wake cycle of older adults may be different from younger individuals, and it's not always necessary for them to reduce daytime napping to improve nighttime sleep.

Choice A rationale:
Perception is one of the phases of nociceptive pain. It involves the awareness of pain, where the brain recognizes and interprets the pain signals. During this phase, the individual becomes conscious of the painful sensation.
Choice B rationale:
Transmission is another phase of nociceptive pain. It involves the propagation of pain signals from the site of injury or damage to the central nervous system. Nerve fibers carry the pain signals to the spinal cord and brain for processing.
Choice D rationale:
Modulation is also a phase of nociceptive pain. It refers to the body's ability to modify or regulate the pain signals. This can involve the release of endorphins or other natural pain-relieving substances that help dampen the pain perception.
Choice E rationale:
Transduction is the last phase of nociceptive pain. It is the process where the noxious stimulus (injury or damage) is converted into electrical nerve signals that the body can understand. This conversion allows the pain signal to travel through the nervous system.
Choice C rationale:
Translation is not typically considered one of the phases of nociceptive pain. While translation may refer to the process of converting one form of information to another, it is not a recognized phase in the context of pain perception.