A patient has recently undergone major abdominal surgery. Identify a sequela that can result from prolonged bed rest after a surgical procedure.

Paralytic ileus

Esophageal dysplasia.

Gastroparesis

Paralytic ileum

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Paralytic ileus: Paralytic ileus is a common complication of major abdominal surgery and prolonged bed rest. It is a temporary cessation of normal bowel peristalsis, leading to a lack of bowel sounds and the inability to pass gas or stool.

B. Esophageal dysplasia: This condition refers to abnormal changes in the cells of the esophagus, typically related to chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), not prolonged bed rest.

C. Gastroparesis: This is a condition in which the stomach cannot empty itself of food in a normal fashion, often related to diabetes or damage to the vagus nerve. It is not a direct result of prolonged bed rest.

D. Paralytic ileum: This should refer to "paralytic ileus."

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Puffy appearance associated with hypersecretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH): This describes the appearance associated with SIADH (Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion), not myxedema.

B. Tissue puffiness associated with hypothyroidism: Myxedema is a condition related to severe hypothyroidism, characterized by swelling of the skin and underlying tissues, giving a puffy appearance, especially in the face.

C. Proliferation of tissue behind the eyes that is common in hyperthyroidism: This describes exophthalmos, a condition often seen in Graves' disease, which is associated with hyperthyroidism, not myxedema.

D. State of increased cerebral edema the morning after a college party: This choice is incorrect and unrelated to the description of myxedema.

A. A sudden, explosive, disorderly charge of neurons causes a transient aberration in brain function B. Loss of the myelin sheath surrounding peripheral nerves causes asymmetric weakness C. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors causes muscle weakness with prolonged activity. D. A bacterial inflammatory illness that causes headache and photophobia.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A sudden, explosive, disorderly charge of neurons causes a transient aberration in brain function: This describes the pathophysiology of seizures, not myasthenia gravis.

B. Loss of the myelin sheath surrounding peripheral nerves causes asymmetric weakness: This describes multiple sclerosis, not myasthenia gravis.

C. Destruction of acetylcholine receptors causes muscle weakness with prolonged activity: Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease where antibodies attack acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction, leading to muscle weakness, especially after repeated use.

D. A bacterial inflammatory illness that causes headache and photophobia: This describes meningitis, not myasthenia gravis.

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A patient has recently undergone major abdominal surgery. Identify a sequela that can result from prolonged bed rest after a surgical procedure.

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