A patient has had an overdose of an intravenous cholinergic drug. The nurse expects to administer which drug as an antidote?

Dobutamine

Atropine sulfate

Atenolol

Bethanechol

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A.   Dobutamine is a sympathomimetic drug used to increase cardiac output in conditions such as heart failure. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose.
B.   Atropine sulfate is the antidote for cholinergic drug overdose. It acts as a competitive antagonist to acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, counteracting the effects of excessive cholinergic stimulation.
C.   Atenolol is a beta-blocker used to manage hypertension and certain cardiac conditions. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose.
D.   Bethanechol is a cholinergic agonist used to stimulate bladder contractions in urinary retention. It is not an antidote for cholinergic drug overdose; in fact, it would exacerbate cholinergic effects.

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Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Correct. CNS stimulants like

methylphenidate and amphetamine derivatives are commonly used to treat ADHD by improving attention, focus, and impulse control.

B. Panic attacks - Incorrect. CNS stimulants are not typically used to treat panic attacks.

Medications such as benzodiazepines or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are more commonly used for panic disorder.

C. Narcolepsy - Correct. CNS stimulants are used to treat narcolepsy, a sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of sleep.

D. Neonatal apnea - Incorrect. CNS stimulants are not indicated for neonatal apnea.

Management of neonatal apnea usually involves supportive measures, respiratory support, and caffeine citrate as a respiratory stimulant.

E. Obesity - Correct. CNS stimulants like phentermine are sometimes used as adjuncts to diet and exercise for short-term management of obesity

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery. B. Carbidopa is the biologic precursor of dopamine and can penetrate into the central nervous system. C. Carbidopa allows for larger doses of levodopa to be given. D. There are concerns about drug-food interactions with levodopa therapy that do not exist with the combination therapy.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Carbidopa prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the periphery, specifically in the gastrointestinal tract and peripheral tissues, allowing more levodopa to reach the brain and be converted to dopamine. This enhances the effectiveness of levodopa therapy in managing the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.
B. Carbidopa is not the biologic precursor of dopamine. It is a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor that does not cross the blood-brain barrier.
C. Carbidopa does not directly allow for larger doses of levodopa to be given. However, by

inhibiting the peripheral breakdown of levodopa, it enhances the availability of levodopa to the central nervous system, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy.
D. While levodopa-carbidopa combination therapy may have fewer drug-food interactions compared to levodopa alone, the primary reason for combining these medications is to enhance the effectiveness of levodopa by preventing its peripheral breakdown.

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A patient has had an overdose of an intravenous cholinergic drug. The nurse expects to administer which drug as an antidote?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

The nurse is reviewing the use of central nervous system stimulants. Which of these are indications for this class of drugs? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer is ["A","C","E"]

Explanation

A patient has been given a prescription for levodopa-carbidopa for a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. The patient asks the nurse, "Why are there two drugs in this pill?" The nurse's best response reflects which fact?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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