A patient, diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, presents to his healthcare provider because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team first suspect?

Esophageal varices.

Colorectal cancer.

Inflammatory bowel disease.

Appendicitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Esophageal varices: Coffee-ground emesis suggests upper gastrointestinal bleeding, which is often due to ruptured esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis.

B. Colorectal cancer: This condition typically presents with lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as changes in bowel habits or blood in the stool, not coffee-ground emesis.

C. Inflammatory bowel disease: This condition can cause gastrointestinal bleeding but is more commonly associated with symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal pain rather than coffee-ground emesis.

D. Appendicitis: This condition typically presents with right lower quadrant pain, not upper GI bleeding.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. High unconjugated, low direct: In liver disease, both conjugated (direct) and unconjugated bilirubin levels are typically elevated.

B. High conjugated, high direct: In cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease, the liver's ability to process bilirubin is impaired, leading to elevated levels of both conjugated (direct) and unconjugated bilirubin, causing jaundice.

C. High direct, high unconjugated: Both direct (conjugated) and unconjugated bilirubin levels are elevated, but this does not clarify the direct relationship with jaundice.

D. Low indirect, normal unconjugated: In liver disease, bilirubin levels are elevated, not low or normal.

A. Obesity, age over 40 and female gender. B. Accelerated gastric emptying C. Incompetent rectal sphincter D. Drinking 12 cans of beer per day.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Obesity, age over 40, and female gender: While obesity and age can be risk factors for GERD, gender alone is not a significant factor. Excessive alcohol consumption, as indicated in option D, is a stronger link to GERD.

B. Accelerated gastric emptying: This is incorrect. GERD is more commonly associated with delayed gastric emptying or increased acid production rather than accelerated gastric emptying.

C. Incompetent rectal sphincter: This is incorrect. GERD is associated with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, not the rectal sphincter.

D. Drinking 12 cans of beer per day: Excessive alcohol consumption can relax the lower esophageal sphincter and increase the risk of GERD by allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus.

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A patient, diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, presents to his healthcare provider because he vomited something that looked like coffee grounds. Which health problem would the care team first suspect?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A man, diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease and cirrhosis, presents to his healthcare provider for treatment. The nurse notes that his skin and sclera are jaundiced. While reviewing his laboratory data, the nurse should expect to find a serum bilirubin level and a serum bilirubin level.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Which factor is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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