Choice A rationale:
Plague is a highly contagious and often fatal disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis. It is transmitted to humans through the bites of infected fleas or by direct contact with infected animals or their tissues.
Plague can cause severe illness and death, even with prompt treatment. The mortality rate for untreated plague is 50-60%. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that plague produces a mild illness and generally has a low mortality rate.
Choice C rationale:
Smallpox is a highly contagious and deadly disease caused by the variola virus. It was eradicated in 1980, but there is still a risk that it could be used as a bioweapon.
Most people under the age of 40 have not been vaccinated against smallpox and therefore have no immunity to the disease. Therefore, it is incorrect to state that the majority of Americans have adequate innate immunity to smallpox.
Choice D rationale:
Safer food preparation practices have helped to decrease the incidence of foodborne illnesses.
However, foodborne illnesses can still be spread through international travel. Travelers can be exposed to contaminated food or water in other countries.

Therefore, safer food preparation practices do not eliminate the risk of foodborne illnesses being spread through international travel.

Choice A rationale:
Massaging the site with scented oils is not recommended for pain relief in this situation. Massage can potentially increase inflammation and irritate the already sensitive skin.
Scented oils may contain ingredients that could further irritate the skin or cause an allergic reaction.
Additionally, there is no evidence to support the effectiveness of massage with scented oils for pain relief in this context.
Choice B rationale:
Warm compresses are often used to promote blood flow and reduce inflammation, but they are not the most effective means of pain relief in this case.
The warmth from the compress may provide some temporary comfort, but it does not address the underlying cause of the pain, which is likely inflammation and nerve irritation.
In some cases, warm compresses can even worsen swelling.
Choice C rationale:
Topical lidocaine is a local anesthetic that can numb the skin and relieve pain. However, it is typically used for more superficial pain, such as minor cuts or burns.
In this case, the pain is likely deeper and more diffuse, so topical lidocaine may not be effective.
Additionally, there is a risk of systemic absorption of lidocaine, which could lead to side effects, especially if used on a large area of skin.
Choice D rationale:
Oral pain medication is the most effective way to relieve pain in this situation.
It can be absorbed into the bloodstream and reach the site of the pain to provide relief. Oral pain medications can also help to reduce inflammation.
The nurse should follow the prescribed dosage and frequency of the medication to ensure optimal pain relief.