A nursing is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Incorporate nonverbal cues in the conversation."

"Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation."

"Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking."

"Use simple child-like statements when speaking."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Incorporate nonverbal cues in the conversation."

This is an appropriate response. Nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language, can help convey meaning and support comprehension for individuals with aphasia. Using visual aids or pointing to objects can also enhance communication.

B. "Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation."

While multiple choice questions can be helpful in some situations, they may not always be appropriate for individuals with aphasia. It's important to assess the client's specific communication needs and preferences. Open-ended questions and simple, direct language may be more effective for facilitating communication.

C. "Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking."

Altering the tone of voice may not necessarily improve communication for individuals with aphasia. Instead, it's important to speak in a clear, natural tone at a moderate pace. Speaking too loudly or using a higher-pitched voice may be perceived as patronizing or condescending.

D. "Use simple child-like statements when speaking."

While it's important to use simple and clear language, using child-like statements may be inappropriate and demeaning to the client. Respectful communication that acknowledges the individual's intelligence and dignity is essential. Simplify language and sentences as needed, but avoid speaking down to the client.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. 4 hours:

This option indicates that tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) must be administered within 4 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms to be considered as a drug therapy option. tPA is a thrombolytic medication used to dissolve blood clots in ischemic stroke, and its effectiveness is highest when administered promptly after the onset of symptoms.

B. 1 hour:

Administering tPA within 1 hour of stroke onset would be extremely challenging and impractical. It typically takes time for patients to recognize stroke symptoms, seek medical attention, and undergo diagnostic evaluations before tPA administration. While time is of the essence in stroke treatment, 1 hour is too short of a timeframe for most patients to receive tPA.

C. 24 hours:

Administering tPA beyond 4.5 hours of stroke onset is generally contraindicated due to the increased risk of complications, including hemorrhagic transformation of the stroke. While there may be some extended time windows considered for certain patients under specific circumstances, such as those meeting eligibility criteria for extended thrombolytic therapy, 24 hours is outside the standard timeframe for tPA administration.

D. 8 hours:

While tPA administration within 8 hours of stroke onset may be feasible for some patients, it is beyond the standard recommended time window for optimal effectiveness. As mentioned earlier, tPA is most effective when administered within the first 3 to 4.5 hours after the onset of symptoms, with earlier administration associated with better outcomes.

A. Aura phase B. Presence of automatisms C. Postictal phase D. Presence of absence seizures

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Aura phase:

The aura phase occurs before the seizure and is characterized by subjective sensations or experiences that some individuals may have. It serves as a warning sign that a seizure is about to occur. This phase precedes the seizure itself and is not applicable to the period immediately afterward.

B. Presence of automatisms:

Automatisms refer to repetitive, involuntary movements or actions that some individuals may exhibit during certain types of seizures, such as complex partial seizures. They are not typically observed during the postictal phase of a generalized tonic-clonic seizure.

C. Postictal phase:

The postictal phase, also known as the postictal state, refers to the period following a seizure during which the individual may experience confusion, drowsiness, or other altered states of consciousness. This phase typically lasts for minutes to hours and is characterized by gradual recovery of normal function.

D. Presence of absence seizures:

Absence seizures are characterized by brief episodes of altered consciousness, often manifesting as staring spells or momentary loss of awareness. They are distinct from generalized tonic-clonic seizures and do not involve the same postictal phase characterized by drowsiness and altered arousal.

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A nursing is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

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Explanation

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