A nursing is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

"Incorporate nonverbal cues in the conversation."

"Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation."

"Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking."

"Use simple child-like statements when speaking."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. "Incorporate nonverbal cues in the conversation."

This is an appropriate response. Nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, and body language, can help convey meaning and support comprehension for individuals with aphasia. Using visual aids or pointing to objects can also enhance communication.

B. "Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation."

While multiple choice questions can be helpful in some situations, they may not always be appropriate for individuals with aphasia. It's important to assess the client's specific communication needs and preferences. Open-ended questions and simple, direct language may be more effective for facilitating communication.

C. "Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking."

Altering the tone of voice may not necessarily improve communication for individuals with aphasia. Instead, it's important to speak in a clear, natural tone at a moderate pace. Speaking too loudly or using a higher-pitched voice may be perceived as patronizing or condescending.

D. "Use simple child-like statements when speaking."

While it's important to use simple and clear language, using child-like statements may be inappropriate and demeaning to the client. Respectful communication that acknowledges the individual's intelligence and dignity is essential. Simplify language and sentences as needed, but avoid speaking down to the client.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Increased blinking

Increased blinking is not a typical manifestation of bradykinesia. In fact, individuals with Parkinson's disease may experience reduced blinking (hypokinesia of blinking) rather than increased blinking.

B. States of euphoria

Euphoria is not typically associated with bradykinesia. Instead, individuals with Parkinson's disease may experience a range of mood changes, including depression, anxiety, or apathy, but euphoria is not a common finding.

C. Slurred speech

This is the correct answer. Slurred speech, or dysarthria, can occur in individuals with Parkinson's disease as a result of bradykinesia affecting the muscles involved in speech production. Bradykinesia can cause a reduction in the speed and coordination of movements necessary for clear speech, resulting in slurred or mumbled speech patterns.

D. Decreased respiratory rate

Decreased respiratory rate is not typically associated with bradykinesia. Bradykinesia primarily affects voluntary movements rather than involuntary processes such as respiration. While respiratory muscle weakness can occur in advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, it is not directly related to bradykinesia.

A. Intellectual capacity is not affected. B. Communication is altered. C. Mobility is limited. D. Nutritional intake is poor.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Intellectual capacity is not affected:

This statement refers to the fact that ALS primarily affects motor neurons, leading to muscle weakness and paralysis, but it typically does not directly impact cognitive function or intellectual capacity. While cognitive impairment is not a hallmark feature of ALS, some individuals may experience changes in cognitive function or behavior, such as executive dysfunction or frontotemporal dementia, in later stages of the disease. However, depression in ALS is not primarily linked to changes in intellectual capacity but rather to other factors such as altered communication, physical limitations, and loss of autonomy.

B. Communication is altered:

ALS can affect the muscles involved in speech and swallowing, leading to difficulties in communicationAs the disease progresses, patients may experience dysarthria (difficulty speaking clearly) and dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), which can impair their ability to communicate effectively with others. Altered communication can result in frustration, social isolation, and feelings of being misunderstood, all of which are risk factors for depression.

C. Mobility is limited:

ALS causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis, which can significantly impair mobility over time. As the disease advances, individuals with ALS may become increasingly dependent on mobility aids such as wheelchairs or may require assistance with mobility tasks. Limited mobility can lead to feelings of loss of independence, decreased participation in activities, and increased dependence on caregivers, all of which can contribute to depression.

D. Nutritional intake is poor:

ALS can affect the muscles involved in swallowing and chewing, leading to difficulties with eating and drinking. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common symptom in ALS and can result in poor nutritional intake and weight loss. Malnutrition and weight loss are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in ALS, and they can also contribute to feelings of weakness, fatigue, and overall decline in quality of life, which may exacerbate depression.

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A nursing is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?

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