A nurse who is mentoring a graduate nurse explains the correlation between severe blood loss and the effect on the client's mean arterial pressure (MAI The graduate nurse demonstrates correct understanding when he states which of the following:

It raises cardiac output and MAP.

It causes vasoconstriction and increased MAP.

There is no direct correlation to MAP.

Lower blood volume lowers MAP.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A.   Severe blood loss actually decreases blood volume, which leads to decreased cardiac output and ultimately lower MAP.
B.   While it's true that the body initially responds to blood loss by vasoconstricting to maintain blood pressure, this compensatory mechanism can only last for so long. As blood loss continues, MAP will decrease.
C.   There is no direct correlation to MAP. MAP is directly influenced by cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance (SVR). Blood volume is a major determinant of both.
D.   A decrease in blood volume leads to decreased preload, which reduces cardiac output. This, in turn, lowers MAP.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. A slight increase in temperature is common after surgery and might not necessarily indicate shock.
B. A slight decrease in respiratory rate is not indicative of shock. In fact, as shock progresses, respiratory rate often increases.
C. An increased heart rate is a classic compensatory mechanism in response to decreased blood volume, as the body tries to maintain blood pressure.
D. While a decrease in urinary output can be a sign of impending shock, it's often a later sign. In the early stages, the body prioritizes blood flow to vital organs, and urine output may still be within normal limits.

A. Abnormally prominent U wave B. Inverted P wave C. Elevated ST segment D. Wide QRS

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Abnormally prominent U wave is a classic sign of hypokalemia. The U wave is normally small and often hidden by the T wave. When it becomes prominent, it's a strong indicator of low potassium levels.
B. Inverted P wave is more indicative of atrial abnormalities, such as atrial fibrillation.
C. Elevated ST segment is often associated with myocardial ischemia or injury.
D. Wide QRS is more characteristic of conduction disturbances like bundle branch blocks.

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A nurse who is mentoring a graduate nurse explains the correlation between severe blood loss and the effect on the client's mean arterial pressure (MAI The graduate nurse demonstrates correct understanding when he states which of the following:

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is caring for a client who returns to the nursing unit from the recovery room after a sigmoid colon resection for adenocarcinoma. The client had an episode of intraoperative bleeding. Which finding indicates to the nurse that the client may be developing hypovolemic shock?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is reviewing the EKG strip of a client who has prolonged vomiting. Which of the following abnormalities on the client's EKG should the nurse interpret as a sign of hypokalemia?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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