A nurse receives a telephone call from a parent reporting that their school-age child has a nosebleed and that they cannot stop the bleeding. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the parent?

"Have your child lie down and turn their head to the side for 10 minutes.”

"Place a warm, wet washcloth over your child's forehead and the bridge of their nose.”

"Tell your child to blow their nose gently and then sit down and but their head backward.”

“Use your thumb and forefinger to apply pressure to the sides of your child's nose”

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Rationale:

A. "Have your child lie down and turn their head to the side for 10 minutes." Lying down increases blood flow to the head, which can worsen the nosebleed or cause aspiration if blood is swallowed. Upright posture is preferred to reduce venous pressure in nasal vessels.

B. "Place a warm, wet washcloth over your child's forehead and the bridge of their nose." Warm compresses can dilate blood vessels and worsen bleeding. Cold compresses are more appropriate to constrict blood vessels and reduce blood flow.

C. "Tell your child to blow their nose gently and then sit down and put their head backward." Blowing the nose can dislodge clots and worsen bleeding. Tilting the head back can cause blood to run down the throat, increasing the risk of nausea, vomiting, or aspiration.

D. "Use your thumb and forefinger to apply pressure to the sides of your child's nose."
Pinching the soft part of the nose for 10–15 minutes while the child leans slightly forward is the first-line intervention for epistaxis. This reduces bleeding and prevents aspiration.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Rationale:

A. Report the incident to the nurse manager: While reporting the error is necessary for institutional accountability and improvement, it should not take priority over assessing the client's immediate physiological response to the error.

B. Measure the client's vital signs: The nurse's first priority after a medication error is to assess the client for any adverse effects. Vital signs provide essential information about the client's condition and guide further actions to ensure safety.

C. Fill out an incident report: An incident report is a key part of documenting medication errors but is done after the client's condition has been assessed and stabilized. It is for internal use and not part of the medical record.

D. Notify the provider: The provider must be informed promptly, especially if corrective treatment is needed. However, this step comes after assessing the client's status to provide relevant clinical information during the report.

A. "Manually expressing my milk will decrease my milk supply" B. "After 5 to 10 minutes when the breasts emptied, my baby should be removed from the breast” C. "The more my baby is at the breast sucking, the more milk I will produce” D. "My baby should always start on the same breast when feeding”

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Rationale:

A. "Manually expressing my milk will decrease my milk supply": Milk supply is maintained by frequent emptying of the breast. Manual expression, like breastfeeding or pumping, actually stimulates continued milk production through the supply-and-demand mechanism.

B. "After 5 to 10 minutes when the breasts emptied, my baby should be removed from the breast”: Infants should not be removed from the breast based on time alone. Breastfeeding duration varies, and babies should be allowed to nurse until they release the breast or show signs of fullness.

C. "The more my baby is at the breast sucking, the more milk I will produce”: Milk production is driven by infant demand. Frequent suckling stimulates prolactin release, encouraging ongoing milk synthesis and maintaining an adequate supply.

D. "My baby should always start on the same breast when feeding”: Breastfeeding should be alternated between breasts to promote equal milk production and prevent engorgement. Starting on the same breast consistently may lead to uneven milk supply.

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A nurse receives a telephone call from a parent reporting that their school-age child has a nosebleed and that they cannot stop the bleeding. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to the parent?

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