A nurse is working with an older adult client who has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. Which of the following should the nurse consider when working with an older adult who has somatic symptom disorder?

A. Opioids are often prescribed for pain management, and individuals with chronic pain conditions may be at increased risk for developing opioid use disorder if they misuse or become dependent on these medications.

B. While opioids can have sedating effects and may be used by some individuals to promote sleep, it is less likely to be a primary reason for starting opioid use, especially in the context of other significant factors such as chronic pain and anxiety.

C. While exposure to parental substance use can contribute to an individual's risk of developing substance use disorders, there is no indication in the scenario provided that the client's parents used opioids specifically or that their parents' substance use directly influenced the client's opioid use.

D. Opioids are not typically used to treat hallucinations, and their use for performance enhancement in the workplace is uncommon.

D. The client's symptoms, including paranoia, perceptual disturbances (such as seeing things that aren't there), erratic behavior, and disorientation, are consistent with the effects of hallucinogens. Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes.

A. Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are primarily used to promote muscle growth and enhance athletic performance.

B Opioids are a class of drugs that include prescription pain relievers, such as oxycodone and morphine, as well as illegal drugs like heroin.

C. Stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can cause symptoms such as paranoia, agitation, and hallucinations, particularly at high doses or with chronic use. However, the client's symptoms of darting eyes, paranoia, yelling, mumbling, and gesturing are more suggestive of hallucinogen use rather than stimulant use.