A nurse is teaching an in-service about cancer at a staff meeting. Which of the following information should the nurse include about adenocarcinoma?
"Pancreatic cancer doesn't usually present as an adenocarcinoma."
"Colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to have high treatment response rates."
"Many brain tumors are adenocarcinomas."
"Most prostate cancers are slow-growing adenocarcinomas."
The Correct Answer is D
A. "Pancreatic cancer doesn't usually present as an adenocarcinoma.": Pancreatic cancer most commonly arises from the exocrine glands and is typically classified as an adenocarcinoma. It is the most frequent histological type found in pancreatic malignancies.
B. "Colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to have high treatment response rates.": Treatment response in colorectal adenocarcinoma depends heavily on the stage at diagnosis. While early-stage tumors may respond well, advanced stages often have lower responsiveness and poorer outcomes.
C. "Many brain tumors are adenocarcinomas.": Primary brain tumors are typically glial in origin, such as astrocytomas or glioblastomas. Adenocarcinomas rarely originate in the brain and are more often found in epithelial tissues like the lungs, colon, or prostate.
D. "Most prostate cancers are slow-growing adenocarcinomas.": Prostate cancer most often originates from glandular tissue and is classified as an adenocarcinoma. These tumors commonly progress slowly, especially in older adults, and may be monitored for years without requiring aggressive treatment.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]
Explanation
A. Inflammation: In ARDS, widespread inflammation is triggered in response to lung injury, leading to cytokine release and recruitment of immune cells. This causes damage to the alveolar epithelium and disrupts normal gas exchange.
B. Apoptosis: Programmed cell death (apoptosis) occurs in both alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells as part of the tissue response to injury in ARDS. This contributes to impaired surfactant production and gas exchange.
C. Necrosis: Severe epithelial injury in ARDS can lead to necrosis, a form of uncontrolled cell death, further compromising alveolar integrity and promoting fluid leakage into alveoli.
D. Decreased alveolar-capillary permeability: In ARDS, the opposite occurs—increased alveolar-capillary permeability—allowing protein-rich fluid to leak into the alveoli, which leads to non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
E. Hypercapnia: While hypercapnia may result from impaired gas exchange in ARDS, it is a consequence of the condition, not a direct cellular characteristic of pulmonary epithelial damage.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): Although clients with increased intracranial pressure may be at risk for DVT, this is not the primary concern in the first 24-48 hours. Early enteral nutrition helps prevent gastrointestinal complications, such as bacterial translocation, which can be more immediate and serious.
B. Myocardial infarction: Myocardial infarction is unrelated to the timing of enteral nutrition in clients with increased intracranial pressure. The priority here is to address risks related to the gut and the immune system.
C. Pulmonary embolus: A pulmonary embolus is a serious condition, but is not the most direct consequence of delayed enteral nutrition. While immobility and other factors might increase the risk of embolism, bacterial translocation is the immediate concern.
D. Bacterial translocation: Early enteral nutrition is crucial for maintaining gut integrity and preventing bacterial translocation, which occurs when bacteria from the gut leak into the bloodstream. This can lead to systemic infections and sepsis, which are life-threatening complications in critically ill clients.
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