A nurse is caring for a client who has hypokalemia. Which of the following findings should the nurse associate with hypokalemia?
Hyperventilation
Bradypnea
Syncope
U waves on electrocardiogram
The Correct Answer is D
A. Hyperventilation: Hyperventilation is more commonly associated with respiratory alkalosis or anxiety rather than hypokalemia. Hypokalemia does not typically cause hyperventilation.
B. Bradypnea: Bradypnea (slow breathing) is not a common finding in hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can affect muscle function, including respiratory muscles, but bradypnea is not a characteristic sign.
C. Syncope: While syncope (fainting) can occur due to various conditions, it is not a specific or common finding directly associated with hypokalemia. Hypokalemia mainly affects the heart and muscles.
D. U waves on electrocardiogram: U waves are a classic electrocardiogram (ECG) finding associated with hypokalemia. These waves appear after the T wave and are indicative of the electrolyte imbalance affecting cardiac repolarization.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Repeating the same question over and over: This behavior might indicate confusion or lack of understanding but is not a typical anticipated outcome of education. Effective education should lead to better understanding rather than repeated questions.
B. Awareness of COPD manifestations: An anticipated outcome of education for a client with COPD is increased awareness of their condition and its manifestations. This knowledge helps the client manage their symptoms and recognize exacerbations early.
C. Anxiety and restlessness: While some anxiety might be present, effective education aims to reduce anxiety by providing information and strategies for managing COPD. The goal is to increase confidence and knowledge, which can help mitigate anxiety.
D. Motivation and engagement of the client: While motivation and engagement are positive outcomes, they are not the primary focus of initial educational interventions. The primary goal is to ensure that the client is aware of their condition and understands how to manage it effectively.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The excretion of calcium by the kidneys is related to electrolyte balance and bone health but does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure in the vasculature.
B. Osmotic pressure is the force exerted by solutes (such as plasma proteins) drawing water into the bloodstream, which opposes hydrostatic pressure. It does not directly contribute to hydrostatic pressure but rather counterbalances it.
C. Hydrostatic pressure is primarily generated by the force of the heart's contraction, which pushes blood through the arteries and capillaries. This pressure drives fluid out of the blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, a crucial process in nutrient and waste exchange.
D. Pressure applied by plasma proteins contributes to oncotic (colloid osmotic) pressure, not hydrostatic pressure. Oncotic pressure pulls fluid into the capillaries, opposing the outward force of hydrostatic pressure.
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