A nurse is teaching an adolescent to self-administer a corticosteroid medication using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? (Select all that apply)
Wait 30 seconds between puffs.
Shake the device prior to use.
Exhale quickly after medication administration.
Rinse and expectorate after administration.
Inhale slowly after medication administration.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
Choice A reason: Waiting 30 seconds between puffs allows the medication to settle and ensures the second puff is as effective as the first.
Choice B reason: Shaking the device before use helps to mix the medication properly, ensuring a consistent dose with each inhalation.
Choice C reason: Exhaling quickly after inhalation is not recommended; instead, the patient should hold their breath for a few seconds to allow the medication to reach deep into the lungs.
Choice D reason: Rinsing the mouth and expectorating after administration prevents oral thrush, a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
Choice E reason: Inhaling slowly ensures that the medication is delivered deeply into the lungs for maximum efficacy.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: This choice is incorrect because a CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and the presence of PCP are indicative of AIDS, not the chronic asymptomatic phase of HIV.
Choice B reason: This is the correct choice. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL and an opportunistic infection such as PCP meet the CDC criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice C reason: This choice is incorrect. A CD4+ T-cell count of less than 200 cells/µL is below the normal range and is one of the criteria for an AIDS diagnosis.
Choice D reason: This choice is incorrect because the acute HIV infection phase is characterized by a high viral load and a decrease in CD4+ T-cell count, but not necessarily below 200 cells/µL or the presence of opportunistic infections.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Preschool-age children are beginning to understand causality, but they do not fully grasp the cause of illnesses, which often involves complex biological processes.
Choice B reason: While preschoolers are becoming more aware of their bodies, they typically do not have a detailed understanding of body functioning.
Choice C reason: Preschoolers may describe how they feel when they are ill, but they usually cannot accurately describe the manifestations of illnesses.
Choice D reason: Preschoolers often engage in magical thinking, where they believe their thoughts can cause events. This is a normal part of their cognitive development and can include relating fears to magical thinking.
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