A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

Contracture

Cerebral trauma

Fever

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

Huntington's disease

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

A. Contracture: Contracture refers to the permanent tightening of muscles or joints and is not directly related to neurocognitive disorders. It is a physical condition rather than a cause of cognitive impairment.

B. Cerebral trauma: Cerebral trauma, such as traumatic brain injury, can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to direct damage to brain tissues and subsequent cognitive impairments.

C. Fever: Severe or prolonged fever can be associated with secondary neurocognitive disorders, especially if it leads to complications like encephalitis or severe metabolic disturbances.

D. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): HIV can lead to secondary neurocognitive disorders due to the direct effects of the virus on the brain and the resultant immune deficiency, which can allow opportunistic infections that affect cognitive function.

E. Huntington's disease: Huntington's disease is a primary neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain. It directly causes neurocognitive decline due to genetic mutations and is considered a primary neurocognitive disorder rather than a secondary one. Secondary neurocognitive disorders are typically the result of another primary condition or external factor such as trauma or infection, rather than a primary neurodegenerative disease.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Permanent short-term memory loss: While certain substances, particularly chronic alcohol use, can lead to memory impairment, permanent short-term memory loss is not a typical complication of heroin use. Heroin primarily affects the respiratory system and can lead to other health risks such as overdose and infection. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

B. Nasal septum perforation: Nasal septum perforation is typically associated with the intranasal use of substances like cocaine, which can damage the nasal tissues. Heroin is more commonly injected or smoked, and nasal perforation is not a primary health risk associated with its use. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

C. Acute pancreatitis: Acute pancreatitis is commonly associated with excessive alcohol consumption rather than heroin use. Heroin primarily affects the central nervous and respiratory systems rather than the pancreas. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.

D. Respiratory depression/arrest: Heroin use poses a significant risk of respiratory depression and arrest, which can be fatal. It depresses the central nervous system and slows down breathing, potentially leading to severe hypoxia and death, especially in the case of overdose. This choice is correct.

A. Trauma-informed care is a form of therapy that encourages the avoidance of discussing past traumatic events. B. Trauma-informed care focuses solely on treating physical injuries caused by traumatic events. C. Trauma-informed care is a framework that emphasizes understanding the impact of trauma and how to provide sensitive and supportive care. D. Trauma-informed care is a treatment approach that aims to erase traumatic memories from an individual's mind.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Trauma-informed care is a form of therapy that encourages the avoidance of discussing past traumatic events: This statement is incorrect. Trauma-informed care does not avoid discussing trauma but rather approaches it in a sensitive and supportive manner.

B. Trauma-informed care focuses solely on treating physical injuries caused by traumatic events: Trauma-informed care encompasses much more than physical treatment. It addresses the psychological, emotional, and social impact of trauma.

C. Trauma-informed care is a framework that emphasizes understanding the impact of trauma and how to provide sensitive and supportive care: This is correct. Trauma-informed care involves recognizing the prevalence and impact of trauma, understanding trauma symptoms and reactions, and providing care that avoids re-traumatization and promotes healing.

D. Trauma-informed care is a treatment approach that aims to erase traumatic memories from an individual's mind: This is incorrect. Trauma-informed care does not aim to erase memories but rather to support individuals in processing and coping with traumatic experiences.

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A nurse is teaching a nursing student about secondary Neurocognitive Disorders. Which of the following are the causes of secondary Neurocognitive Disorders? Select all that apply.

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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